If I walk up to you, say "The earth is flat," and walk away without saying anything, I have lied without presenting an argument.
Definitions of argument on the Web:
* a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true; "it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true"
* controversy: a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement; "they were involved in a violent argument"
* a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal; "the argument over foreign aid goes on and on"
* a summary of the subject or plot of a literary work or play or movie; "the editor added the argument to the poem"
* a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable