Humans can have one of two reproductive strategies. The first reproductive strategy is to produce large numbers of offspring with minimal investment into each offspring, i.e. large quantity, low quality. The second is to have fewer offspring with large investment into those that are produced, i.e quality over quantity.
In an unstable, unpredictable environment, the first strategy outperforms the second. That's the strategy that you see in the Third World and among the poor in the developed world. If they keep up with this strategy even when most of their kids survive thanks to affluent surroundings and/or a welfare state, they get the best of both worlds.
Right now the first strategy is superior.
And ultimately that is what happened to Ancient Rome.