Know your Nautical Terminology
We continue our new series of items highlighting with humanity's early exploration of Earth's oceans, lakes, and rivers and leading to the use of watercraft for transportation and commerce.
Last month I covered the oldest know examples of paddles. While a step up from using your hands, it is still labor intensive and doesn't scale well. There were never going to be any oar propelled battleships.
The oldest recorded examples of sails come from the Ubaid period in Mesopotamia (modern-day southern Iraq and the Persian Gulf region), dating to roughly 5500–5000 BCE (6th–5th millennium BCE). This evidence includes iconographic depictions and possible boat models suggesting the use of masts and sails on reed-bundle boats coated with bitumen for waterproofing.
A key artifact is a small painted pottery disc (about 6.5–7 cm in diameter) excavated from the H3 site (As-Sabiyah) in Kuwait. It shows a boat with what appears to be a mast and sail, alongside other Ubaid-related finds like a ceramic boat model and bitumen fragments with reed impressions and barnacles (indicating open-water use). This disc is frequently cited as the earliest known depiction of a sailing vessel.
Slightly later, in predynastic Egypt (late 4th millennium BCE, around 3300–3100 BCE), a painted vase from Gerzeh (Naqada II period) provides one of the clearest early depictions of a boat with a single square sail on a forward mast. Egyptian iconography and boat models from tombs soon after show sails in regular use on the Nile, likely evolving from or paralleling Near Eastern developments.
No physical sail fabric survives from these periods (the oldest known sail fragments are much later, from medieval Europe).
The oldest recorded example of a sailing ship. 
SpyNavy
Garde la Foi, mes amis! Nous nous sommes les sauveurs de la République! Maintenant et Toujours!
(Keep the Faith, my friends! We are the saviors of the Republic! Now and Forever!)
LonePalm, le Républicain du verre cassé (The Broken Glass Republican)
