The 14th amendment didn’t even include the Indians and I would make the argument that it was because the Indians were not under the “jurisdiction of” due to them belonging to their own nations and basically at war with the rest of the US population. At least the ones in the West.
In other words, the 14th Amendment's definition of birth citizenship to people subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. is saying, "Hey, us, the U.S., not only freed slaves in the 13th Amendment, but we're now saying in this 14th Amendment that they're citizens. How do we have that authority? Because all along we had the authority over their citizenship status. The African nations don't because only God knows which African nations their ancestors were from. Thus, we're in charge (jurisdiction) of their status and we're deciding to let them be citizens too."