The article fails to mention the benefits of colonial rule: stopping the near constant inter-tribal wars. Improved transportation by road and railway, powered water craft. Improved agriculture, modern medicine.
India, being under colonial rule longer, benefited much more. It also had the benifit of a literate civilization before British rule. Unfortunately, India gained independence while socialism was all the rage in England.
“Improved transportation by road and railway”
The white man did not just “improve it”.
In most cases he designed/engineered and developed it from scratch.
Mamdani has stood on the shoulders of...hard working white men.