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0:00 · the noble chivalrous King and his
0:03 · beautiful dutiful wife one medieval
0:07 · couple would embody this romantic ideal
0:10 · of the Middle Ages although their path
0:13 · there wasn't straightforward the King
0:16 · was Edward III and his Queen was
0:20 · Philippa of heot Philippa was born in
0:24 · heot an area which today covers part of
0:27 · the border between Belgium and France
0:30 · probably in around
0:32 · 1314 she wasn't an only child either
0:35 · with four sisters Agnes who died young
0:39 · Isabella who was a toddler when philippo
0:42 · was a teen and two older sisters
0:45 · Margaret and Jan as well as two brothers
0:48 · William who was older and Louie who was
0:50 · younger she was Noble by birth as her
0:54 · father was count William I of heot and
0:57 · her mother was Jean noal
1:00 · a cousin of England's Queen Isabella and
1:03 · daughter of the French Prince Charles
1:06 · count of Vala her life was certainly one
1:09 · of luxury and privilege and she was most
1:12 · likely born in Salon her father's
1:15 · property near the river skelt a 12th
1:18 · century Palace Philippa spoke Dutch and
1:21 · French was well versed in the medieval
1:23 · romances her mother loved and her
1:26 · behavior at court was impeccable by 132
1:30 · 5 Philippa was living in valencian at
1:33 · her parents' court and events in England
1:36 · were heating up the Queen of England
1:38 · Isabella of France had irrevocably
1:41 · separated from her husband the King
1:44 · Edward II of England Not only was he
1:47 · running the country into the ground but
1:50 · Isabella had been replaced for the
1:52 · second time by one of Edward II's male
1:56 · favorites this time with Hugh dispenser
2:00 · with whom he seemed
2:02 · infatuated Isabella had managed to leave
2:05 · England for France on a diplomatic visit
2:08 · taking her son Prince Edward the later
2:11 · Edward III of England with her the heir
2:14 · to the throne of England Isabella's main
2:17 · problem as well as that of her lover
2:19 · Roger Mortimer was that they wanted to
2:22 · take an army to England to Dethrone
2:24 · Edward II but they didn't have the funds
2:28 · or people will William Philip's father
2:32 · agreed that he would help provide ships
2:34 · troops and a large cash dowy if Queen
2:38 · Isabella agreed to her son marrying one
2:41 · of his daughters in return Queen
2:44 · Isabella would also ensure Maritime
2:46 · peace between England and heot as well
2:49 · as lucrative trading rights an agreement
2:52 · was made and the bride merely had to be
2:55 · chosen Philip's sister Isabella was
2:58 · still a toddler so she was out in any
3:00 · case but it did leave Philippa herself
3:03 · and her sister Agnes who was around 11
3:06 · years old who would live to only the
3:08 · following year at any rate philipper and
3:11 · Edward hit it off and when it was time
3:14 · for him to depart for England he agreed
3:17 · he would marry her interestingly Prince
3:20 · Edward's father Edward II had just a few
3:23 · years earlier sent Bishop stapledon to
3:26 · take a look at William the first
3:27 · daughters to see if any of them would be
3:30 · suitable as a bride for his son when he
3:32 · was there the bishop wrote a description
3:35 · of one of the count of hao's daughters
3:38 · that has in recent years sparked a
3:40 · discussion over what philipper really
3:42 · looked like just to start we don't know
3:46 · if this description is of Philippa or
3:48 · her Elder Sister Margaret but as they
3:51 · had the same parents probably didn't
3:53 · look to dislike one another Bishop
3:56 · stapled and said the lady whom we saw
3:59 · has not uncomely hair betwix blue black
4:02 · and brown her face Narrows between the
4:05 · eyes and its lower part is more narrow
4:08 · than her forehead her eyes are blackish
4:11 · Brown and deep her nose is fairly smooth
4:15 · and even save that it is somewhat broad
4:18 · at the tip and flattened and yet it is
4:20 · no snub nose her lips are full
4:23 · especially the lower lip her lower teeth
4:25 · project a little beyond the upper yet
4:28 · this is but little scene all her body is
4:30 · well set and uned and not is a miss so
4:34 · far as a man may see moreover she is
4:37 · brown of skin all over much like her
4:39 · father and she will be the age of 9
4:42 · years on St John's day next to come as
4:45 · her mother said the comment that she was
4:48 · brown of skin and had blackish brown
4:50 · eyes has led to a very small minority of
4:53 · historians suggesting philipper may have
4:56 · been black while it's true that in the
4:58 · medieval world no one really cared what
5:01 · you looked like as long as you had good
5:03 · Regal ancestry and were wealthy we also
5:07 · don't really know what these comments
5:09 · mean her father was also described as
5:13 · being dark in Coloring but this could
5:15 · have different meanings in the medieval
5:18 · period to now looking back at Philip's
5:21 · immediate ancestry going back six or
5:24 · seven generations she had mainly
5:27 · Hungarian Norwegian Finnish French and
5:30 · Turkish ancestry knowing this it highly
5:33 · unlikely Philippa was black but it's not
5:36 · impossible she may have had olive skin
5:39 · and dark eyes from her other layers of
5:41 · ancestry which would also have resulted
5:44 · in the description Bishop stapledon gave
5:47 · not all Europeans were blue-eyed with
5:49 · blonde hair in the Middle Ages many
5:53 · people in Europe with darker skin were
5:55 · also often described as being Moorish in
5:58 · looks if not as a mo because she was not
6:01 · a Muslim which stapledon would almost
6:04 · certainly have used for philipper if she
6:06 · was black there is also another
6:09 · description of her that is often
6:10 · overlooked and it's one philipper
6:13 · herself would have likely seen and
6:15 · approved that of her Epitaph on her
6:19 · Epitaph she is described as tall and
6:21 · straight and also being of ros8 hue this
6:25 · suggests a rosecolor hue to her
6:28 · complexion regardless of her looks it
6:31 · was the alliance between England and
6:34 · heol that was the most important aspect
6:36 · of her coming marriage and Philippa
6:39 · would have been aware of this back in
6:41 · England Isabella and mortimer's invasion
6:44 · was successful and Prince Edward was
6:47 · placed on the throne as Edward III while
6:51 · relations with the people of England and
6:53 · with Scotland were temporarily sorted
6:56 · into a truce on the 16th of December
7:00 · 1327 Philippa set sail for England's
7:03 · Shores accompanied by her father and a
7:06 · retinue of hotter Lords ladies and
7:09 · attendants one of her attendants her
7:11 · Usher was a knight named P deoy who was
7:15 · the father of Katherine swinford later
7:19 · to become the lover and wife of John of
7:22 · gaun one of philippa's future children
7:25 · finally on Christmas Eve of that year
7:28 · philipper entered London in state to a
7:31 · rapturous and merry crowd thankful for
7:34 · her embodiment as the treaty between
7:37 · England and hey note on the 23rd of
7:39 · January Philippa came to the city of
7:42 · York meeting once again with her
7:44 · intended groom Edward he apparently
7:48 · kissed her hand and greeted her happily
7:51 · before leading her to York castle where
7:54 · she would stay until their wedding their
7:56 · wedding took place just a day later on
7:58 · the 24th of January in the middle of a
8:01 · blizzard in the imposing York Minster
8:05 · unlike other previous Queens Philippa
8:08 · was Savvy enough to send a large chunk
8:11 · of her Hein alter retinue home despite
8:14 · her love for where she was born and
8:16 · would instead have many English ladies
8:18 · in Waiting in attendance alongside those
8:21 · who stayed from her Homeland it was
8:23 · something that would help the English
8:25 · people warm to her as their Queen
8:28 · however she also ensured there were more
8:31 · ladies present at court than there had
8:33 · ever been previously and this created a
8:36 · civilizing effect on the male courtiers
8:39 · the marriage was to be a happy one a
8:42 · true partnership as the young royal
8:45 · couple adored one another it's likely
8:47 · Edward was overjoyed to have a bride he
8:50 · would love after watching how his father
8:53 · had treated his mother for so many years
8:56 · no doubt made clear by his acquiescence
8:58 · and care towards Isabella for the rest
9:00 · of her life it was something Edward also
9:03 · struggled with however despite being
9:06 · instantly loved by the people and her
9:09 · new husband Philippa would begin her
9:11 · life as Queen a subordinate to her
9:14 · mother-in-law Isabella Isabella had
9:17 · spent much of her adult life as a queen
9:20 · pushed to one side by her husband's male
9:23 · favorites it was Little Wonder then when
9:25 · she was finally able to have some
9:28 · control over it events as well as being
9:30 · her son's main advisor Isabella was
9:34 · reluctant to relinquish any of that
9:36 · control to a mere girl of 14 Philip's
9:40 · coronation was pushed back indefinitely
9:43 · and the da lands normally given to new
9:45 · queens were instead still held by
9:48 · Isabella Philippa was not given an
9:51 · independent household of her own but was
9:54 · expected to share the Kings there was
9:57 · probably also a fair amount of of
9:59 · jealousy towards the new Queen
10:01 · regardless of Isabella's good points and
10:04 · Philippa threatened the influence
10:06 · Isabella had over her son but Philippa
10:10 · wasn't completely without power letters
10:13 · sent soon after her marriage from the
10:15 · pope not only congratulated her on her
10:18 · nuptuals but also reminded her of her
10:21 · position in being able to influence the
10:24 · king in all matters with the church a
10:27 · few months later he gave Philip a
10:29 · permission for a portable altar in her
10:32 · chamber and to enter a nunery with a
10:35 · large retinue as well as a Confessor
10:38 · being able to give her Absolution if she
10:40 · died suddenly but in return the pope
10:44 · urged her to convince Edward of his
10:46 · works with the church and to give some
10:48 · property to the knights hospitalis it
10:51 · wasn't until 1333 years later that
10:55 · Edward's patience ran out philipper was
10:58 · pregn pregnant with their first child
11:01 · and the idea that the possible heir to
11:03 · the English Throne might be born while
11:05 · their mother wasn't even Queen was
11:08 · Unthinkable tired of Roger Mortimer
11:11 · acting like a king and overusing power
11:13 · that wasn't his by right Edward decided
11:16 · to quietly Garner support from the
11:18 · church and Nobles Isabella and Mortimer
11:21 · under increasing pressure gave up some
11:24 · of the da lands to Philippa and her
11:27 · coronation was finally arranged on the
11:30 · 4th of March
11:32 · 1330 Philippa was finally crowned as
11:35 · Queen of England a few months later
11:39 · Philippa went to Woodstock Palace to
11:41 · prepare for the birth of her first child
11:44 · to everyone's Joy she gave birth to a
11:47 · healthy son on the 15th of June named
11:51 · Edward of Woodstock and now the heir to
11:54 · the English crown no expense was spared
11:58 · and Edward III was generous in giving
12:01 · gifts and money to the nursery
12:03 · attendants and women who rocked the
12:06 · infant to sleep but the tolerance for
12:08 · Mortimer and Isabella's control over
12:11 · Royal Affairs was weakening by this
12:13 · point not long after Edward III formed a
12:17 · coup to be rid of mortimer's influence
12:20 · bursting in on him and his mother during
12:23 · a meeting at Nottingham Castle and
12:25 · arresting him on the 19th of October on
12:29 · the 29th of November Mortimer was
12:32 · executed at tyburn and Isabella would be
12:35 · placed under loose house arrest for less
12:38 · than 2 years she was held otherwise
12:41 · innocent of events in an effort for
12:44 · Edward to restore her tarnished
12:46 · reputation and his family's honor it
12:49 · wasn't until philipper gave birth to her
12:52 · second child in March
12:54 · 1332 their eldest daughter that Queen
12:57 · Dowager Isabella was rehabilitated at
13:00 · court The New Daughter was named
13:02 · Isabella after her grandmother a sign
13:06 · that Edward and philippo wanted to pull
13:08 · their family back together but they were
13:11 · also concerned with the show of regality
13:13 · and power that they needed to give off
13:16 · in the medieval period a strict
13:18 · hierarchy was kept between royalty
13:21 · nobility clergy and commoners in order
13:25 · to do this clothing was used as an
13:28 · outward reminder of one's place
13:31 · philipper and Edward both spent lavishly
13:33 · on rich clothes made of cloth of gold
13:36 · velvet Miner cloaks and hoods and robes
13:40 · embroidered with gold animals it would
13:43 · become over the years a source of the
13:46 · debt the couple were often in with her
13:49 · mother-in-law now resigned to the
13:51 · background noise of court philippo was
13:54 · finally able to come forward and shine
13:57 · as Queen now now 18 years old it's clear
14:00 · she began to grow in confidence the
14:03 · successive Wars England had been through
14:06 · over the past few decades had left the
14:08 · country in financial Straits and it was
14:11 · philipper who would concentrate Edward's
14:14 · efforts on Commercial expansion Edward
14:17 · was already busy restoring his kingdom
14:19 · through enlisting the support once more
14:21 · of his Barons and Council ensuring
14:24 · Parliament R regularly and brokering
14:27 · lucrative foreign alliances philipper
14:30 · promoted the idea of coal mining in
14:32 · north umberland and other parts of the
14:34 · northeast of England and she encouraged
14:37 · Flemish Weavers to settle in Norwich
14:40 · kickstarting the textile industry there
14:43 · philipper also fulfilled her role as
14:45 · Peacemaker by interceding with her
14:48 · husband on no less than 76 occasions
14:51 · usually for pardons for criminals
14:54 · awaiting their punishment in the few
14:56 · letters of hers that survive Philippa
14:59 · often wrote on behalf of others and on
15:02 · one occasion wrote to her lawyer asking
15:05 · that the taxes raised in her lands be
15:07 · paus while Her counsel and herself
15:10 · worked out which were to her profit and
15:13 · which could be dropped for the benefit
15:15 · of her tenants she was also a great
15:18 · Patron rebuilding the hospital of St
15:21 · Catherine of the Tower and patronizing
15:24 · several churches and abies including
15:26 · gray fries in London and St Mary's in
15:29 · yor philipper of course had another
15:33 · major role as Queen and that was to
15:35 · provide as many Royal children as
15:37 · possible while she had already given
15:40 · birth to Edward of Woodstock who was the
15:42 · heir to his father's Crown it was always
15:44 · sensible to have a few spares and many
15:47 · children meant more opportunities to
15:50 · create alliances with foreign kingdoms
15:53 · she would go on to give birth altogether
15:55 · to 12 children an amazing in feet at a
15:59 · time when childbirth was often deadly
16:01 · for women and infant mortality was high
16:05 · nine of their children would live beyond
16:07 · infancy with five of their sons reaching
16:10 · adulthood which would cause its own
16:13 · problems later on with their descendants
16:15 · using their lineage back to Edward iiii
16:18 · as a basis for the wars of the Roses but
16:21 · Edward and philipp's Court would become
16:23 · known for its romantic and chalc
16:26 · associations the knights military-minded
16:29 · men at court would enjoy hearing tales
16:32 · and songs about Marshal exploits while
16:35 · the women at court enjoyed romances and
16:37 · poems that leaned into the bardy and
16:40 · erotic the two genres fed into the ideas
16:43 · about courtly romance a medieval idea
16:47 · that made it acceptable desirable even
16:50 · for male courtiers and especially the
16:52 · king to entertain and flirt with ladies
16:55 · of the court but while philippo was the
16:58 · a perfect partner to Edward it was in
17:01 · 1346 she would get her Taste of holding
17:04 · power in her own right in
17:07 · 1338 Edward had formerly made a claim
17:10 · for the French throne using his lineage
17:13 · through his mother Isabella who was
17:15 · daughter of Philip IV of France this
17:18 · would Kickstart the series of conflicts
17:21 · known as the Hundred Years War he used
17:24 · philippa's connections with the low
17:26 · countries through her siblings and other
17:28 · family to start his campaign in Flanders
17:31 · taking his Queen with him the people of
17:35 · Flanders hated their count Louis the who
17:38 · had Allied himself with France through
17:40 · his marriage and so they were happy to
17:43 · receive Edward as the French King there
17:46 · is evidence that Philipa aided her
17:48 · husband behind the scenes paying spies
17:51 · to report on Philip I 6 of France and
17:54 · maintaining a good relationship with
17:57 · Pope Clement II to keep him on side the
18:00 · wars continued on over the years with
18:03 · the royal couple flitting between
18:05 · England and France until
18:07 · 1346 by now Prince Edward of Woodstock
18:10 · was 16 years old a strapping young man
18:14 · ready for a fight and he accompanied his
18:17 · father to France on campaign engaging in
18:20 · one of the most important battles of the
18:22 · conflict the Battle of Cy on the 26th of
18:25 · August Philippa was for the first time
18:28 · appointed Regent in the king's absence
18:31 · while she ably administered the kingdom
18:34 · she would be faced with a far greater
18:36 · challenge when David II of Scotland
18:39 · decided to take advantage of Edward III
18:42 · being in France and invaded England in
18:45 · the Autumn perhaps no one had thought
18:48 · the gentle kind Queen who was known for
18:50 · her acts of Mercy would be good at
18:52 · defending the kingdom but they were
18:55 · about to be proved wrong David II got no
18:59 · further than York as in October philippo
19:02 · raised 12,000 men from the north to
19:05 · fight under the command of Thomas
19:07 · Hatfield the bishop of Durham and two
19:10 · Northern Nobles Henry Percy and Ralph
19:13 · Neville Jean quon's account of events
19:16 · states that Philippa knew that if she
19:18 · was actually seen by the people in the
19:20 · north of England it would help and so
19:23 · she traveled to Newcastle upon time
19:26 · before battle ensued she rode on a white
19:29 · horse from Battalion to Battalion
19:32 · charging them to fight bravely and for
19:34 · the honor of the king of England on the
19:37 · 17th of October the Battle of Neville's
19:40 · cross was fought to the north of Durham
19:43 · and David II was taken prisoner it was a
19:47 · victory for the English but a far
19:50 · greater foe was coming in
19:53 · 1347 this time in the form of the
19:56 · terrifying pandemic that swept across
19:58 · Europe the plague known as the Black
20:02 · Death it would retain a shadow over
20:04 · Europe until around
20:07 · 1351 and being rich or Royal was no
20:10 · defense against it in
20:13 · 1348 philipper and Edward's 15-year-old
20:16 · daughter Janes succumbed to the plague
20:18 · on the 1st of July they were devastated
20:22 · when they heard the news and sources
20:24 · show they were heartbroken at her death
20:27 · just a few months later in early
20:29 · September their 3-month-old son William
20:32 · also died possibly also of the plague
20:36 · the Black Death changed the social
20:38 · landscape of England with commoners for
20:41 · the first time finding their skills in
20:44 · demand as Manpower was lost with
20:47 · countless deaths and those who survived
20:50 · the plague would help sound the death
20:52 · Nowell for feudalism now well into her
20:55 · 40s Philippa would give birth to her
20:58 · final child Thomas on the 7th of January
21:03 · 1355 she now had a fairly good
21:06 · relationship with her mother-in-law
21:08 · Isabella and when her sister-in-law Joan
21:10 · of the tower decided to leave her
21:13 · Unfaithful husband David II for good
21:16 · once he was released and allowed to
21:18 · return to Scotland in
21:20 · 1357 both Philipa and Isabella were
21:23 · frequent visitors to her together
21:26 · Isabella adored her grandson Prince
21:29 · Edward who would later be known from the
21:31 · 16th century onwards as the black prince
21:34 · and she often entertained both him and
21:36 · philipper at her properties until her
21:39 · death on the 22nd of August
21:43 · 1358 in her later years from around
21:47 · 1361 now well into late middle age for
21:50 · the medieval period philipper began to
21:53 · suffer from what was known as dropsy
21:56 · nowadays we would call this edema which
21:59 · can be a symptom of heart or kidney
22:01 · failure thrombosis or liver problems
22:03 · amongst other things by
22:06 · 1365 Philippa all but stopped traveling
22:10 · suffering far too much and her tomb
22:12 · Effigy was created it was the first
22:16 · English Royal Effigy to be created with
22:19 · realism and was likely to have been
22:21 · created from Philip's Living Image on
22:24 · the 14th of August
22:26 · 1369 philipper was given the last
22:30 · Sacrament and asked to see the King
22:33 · Edward III came and held her hand and
22:36 · reportedly wept as she asked him to
22:39 · release her from any engagements with
22:41 · Traders she had made see that gifts she
22:43 · had promised to the church would be made
22:45 · for her and that when it was the king's
22:48 · time to die he would be interred by her
22:51 · side Edward agreed to these terms and
22:54 · Philippa died in her bed the next day on
22:57 · the 15
22:58 · on the 9th of January nearly 6 months
23:01 · after her death and after a magnificent
23:05 · funeral ceremony in London on the 3
23:08 · philipper was buried in Westminster
23:10 · Abbey philipper had been an example of
23:13 · what was expected of a medieval queen a
23:16 · paragon of her peers she and Edward had
23:20 · had a successful marriage of 41 years
23:23 · and she had given birth to 12 children
23:26 · seeing many of them survive into
23:28 · adulthood Philippa had endured her
23:31 · mother-in-law's early jealousy to become
23:34 · good friends with her later in life she
23:37 · had made herself popular amongst the
23:39 · English people not known for their
23:42 · tolerance with foreign queens and yet
23:45 · had kept ties with her Homeland her
23:48 · gentle and kind nature had led her to
23:50 · successfully intercede with her husband
23:53 · to Pardon many and she was renowned for
23:56 · her sweet nature
23:58 · but equally philipper had also proven
24:01 · herself willing to defend her adopted
24:04 · Kingdom rallying defense of the country
24:07 · in her King's absence Philippa was the
24:10 · Romantic ideal of a medieval queen and
24:13 · despite her quiet personality was by no
24:16 · means a weak one she was a feminine yet
24:20 · strong woman who carried out the duties
24:22 · expected of her at the time but also
24:25 · made her presence felt in her own way
24:27 · way it is perhaps due to philipper being
24:30 · so well behaved that she is remembered
24:34 · Less in history especially alongside her
24:37 · more famous mother-in-law but she
24:39 · deserves to be remembered as a woman who
24:42 · brought stability and peace to a country
24:46 · that needed a kind and gentle
24:50 · Queen if you enjoyed this video don't
24:53 · forget to like And subscribe so you
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