Yes, which don’t imply except when you commit a crime motivated by hate. If you smack someone with a baseball bat, that’s a crime for which you go to jail. If you smack someone who is black with that same bat, and shout “take that, n###er!” you go to jail longer. That’s all “hate crimes are”.
Now if you shout at a passing black man, “Hey, n####er, shine my shoes!” and he either ignores you or takes out his shine kit and gets ready to do so, you won’t go to jail at all. But if he then comes over and makes as if to fight you for using the N word, well, then likely you’ll go to jail for a hate crime if you win the fight, because you initiated hostilities with a racial epithet. But if he takes a swing at you unprovoked and you win the fight, you probably won’t go to jail at all in an ideal world. You were defending yourself from an unprovoked attack.
Note. This world is NOT ideal.
Further note. I think “hate crime” laws are idiotic. The only instance in which something should be classified as such is if someone commits a crime in order to start a race war or riot. So even though the Manson Family killed only white people, the fact that they did so to start a race war would make it a hate crime.
Once again, this is not how things work in reality. Just how they should.