“Science is about knowing; engineering is about doing.”- Henry Petroski
To make that historic lathe , you needed the metal material science behind it. Which means you needed 3000+ years of metal smelting knowledge and production skills.
More than that. You can have a host of prerequisites (knowledge and skills) for millennia without application to the critical combination of bits that changes the game entirely.
I like this series, a lot. Clickspring tries to build the Antikythera mechanism using only Hellenistic technologies and skills. Some of these are remarkably sophisticated.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRXI9KLImC4&list=PLZioPDnFPNsHnyxfygxA0to4RXv4_jDU2