[pierrem15]

True, but the other made it sound as though serfdom was eliminated right after Napoleon, when it was not. It also continued r was reinstituted in parts of Germany. I believe one of the German philosopher Heidegger's grandfathers was a serf on a church estate.

In Quebec, a form of serfdom for the Church continued to exist into the 19th century. The last feudal rent was paid in 1970.

[Dr. Franklin]

In Quebec, a form of serfdom for the Church continued to exist into the 19th century. The last feudal rent was paid in 1970.

In Habsburg Austria, which included lands in the Czech Republic, the Yugoslav countries, Poland and Ukraine, serfdom was not abolished, until 1848, and it took an uprising to force the issue. After that, peasants were no longer tied to the land, and could leave the estates of the nobility to live in local communities with some local self-government. Not all left, and up to the end of the Austrian empire, at the end of WWI, some still lived on the estates.