Yeah, all the sources I found in English were Indian. In addition, I’m not a supporter of the just-so “must have used stone, then copper, then bronze, then iron, just because” model, mainly because it doesn’t correspond to any actual dates. In the Americas, *some* Precolumbian cultures were still in the bronze age, AFAIK none had figured out iron, armor was made out of cotton, and some groups hadn’t even figured out ceramics, relying instead on gourds and whatnot.
There is no evidence that I’ve ever seen that technologies moved back and forth from the old world to the new world prior to columbus.
So the wheel was said to be invented by the steppe herders circa 3000-4000 BC. But that invention never made its way to the new world until columbus. Same with horses.
from what I’ve seen steppe herder genetics flow from the indus river southward. North india has more steppe hereder genetics than south india.
The hindu nationalists don’t like the tale told by the steppe herder genes.
So how is it that pyramids were built in Mesopotamia, Egypt and Mexico? It can be said that the pyramids of Mesopotamia and Egypt predate the ones in Mexico by 2000 years or so.
Things can be invented in two places at roughly the same time. That’s the current thinking on clovis points.
There are a lot of holes in the archaelogical evidence trail.