A progressive lifetime income tax on government privilege income is possible (payable prior to standard 1040 income taxation and deductible for standard 1040 income taxation, sort of like state income tax is federally treated):
first $1,000,000 0%
next $1,000,000 10%
next $1,000,000 20%
next $1,000,000 30%
....
over $10,000,000 99%
These brackets be adjusted 3% per year for inflation.
Government privileged income would be any income gained by or with the assistance of government power.
Government-funded school teachers, lawyers, doctors, dentists, licensed contractors who do more than 10% by revenue of government restricted work such as asbestos inspections and clean up, employees and owners of businesses who get more than 10% of income from government, employees of tax-deductible charities and foundations, CDL truck drivers, unionized employees not waiving government union employee protection, government employees including military, elected federal officeholders, etc. would be subject to the tax.
It would be paid on their salaries, wages, pensions, all government funded health care including Medicare & Medicaid, all mandated health care benefits, all government pensions including Social Security and military, government housing assistance, HUD fair market valuations of low income housing, etc.
People would generally shift out of government work and into the pure market sector.
What you want is a progressive dictatorship.