The system of checks and balances in the United States government prevents any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. This system is established by the separation of powers into three branches:
Legislative branch: Makes laws
Executive branch: Enforces laws
Judicial branch: Interprets laws
Each branch has its own authority and can check the power of the other branches. Here are some examples of checks and balances in action:
The president Can veto legislation created by Congress. The president also nominates heads of federal agencies and high court appointees.
Congress Can confirm or reject the president's nominees. Congress can also impeach Supreme Court Judges or Presidents.
The Supreme Court Can overturn laws that they believe are unconstitutional. The president nominates Supreme Court Justices, and the Senate confirms them.
Checks and balances are vital to a modern democracy. They help to prevent problems that can arise when decisions are made without proper scrutiny.
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The Supreme Court was never, ever intended to “interpret the laws” (which is judicial fiat) but to ensure that laws conform to the Constitution.
The USA is a republic, not a democracy. In a democracy, the legislators have absolute power to enact any laws they want; in a republic, they cannot do that because the Constitution limits their lawmaking power.