In a numeric system 0-9 give you a choice of 10 characters. (With restrictions on leading zeros which cause problems. For example: "5" and "005" are not recognized as the same unless the software is written to).
In an alphanumeric system, A-Z and 0-9 give you a choice of 36 characters.
Computer programs can query and sort with alphanumeric systems in ways a simple numeric system can't.
Ask anybody under 30 today what is a card catalog, and you will get blank stares.
Maybe the Babylonians had it right with their base-60 number system.
https://www.historymath.com/the-babylonian-number-system/