The one thing the 14th is not, is "clear." It is very unclear. What does "subject to the jurisdiction", mean? Well according to the people who wrote it, it doesn't mean what the courts thinks it means.
The people who wrote it intended it to mean "not owing allegiance to any foreign power", but the ignorant courts think it means "subject to American law", which is not the same thing at all.
Obviously it’s not clear enough for some. However it says what it says and until amended or clarified by the Supreme Court it is the framework to which the law must adhere.
Non citizens are still subject to US laws while in country, with the exception of diplomats, with exceptions.
Your view on what the original intent was has not been established.