“Fuel volumetric density is not the deciding factor. “
True. They will burn the dirty HFO at sea and switch over when they near Port.
“True. They will burn the dirty HFO at sea and switch over when they near Port.”
Not just near port any nation that’s a party to UMCLOS has put emissions limits inside all of their EEZs as well those are 200 nm from shore. For economic and emissions purposes the EEZs are territorial waters and that nations rules apply to any vessel in them regardless where flagged if they are making a innocent passage they can ask for a pass and waiver but if they are port calling they must abide. Only the very remote high seas will ever see HFO every where else is already MGO or light diesel for emissions regs this is why the push to methanol it’s cheaper than MGO and HFO is going the way of the dodo bird.