I always viewed what is called ADHD as normal behavior in many kids that are just bored and big pharma saw a new disease they could create and drugs to supposedly solve it.
It can managed without drugs. However, one has to be sensitive to the limits that are imposed by ADHD. No amount of beatings is going to increase a kid’s reserve for concentration, which is typically the mindset of many. They think it’s just a discipline problem and that the kid is just being rebellious, when he is simply low on the tank of being able to concentrate. At that point, get up from the table and do something short that is different then studying and then get back to work. SHorter and more frequent study sessions, because they do recharge quickly but they also drain quickly.
Think supercapacitor vs batteries on this point.