Around eight or 10 years ago I had a wonderful dog who was half American Staffordshire Terrier, a quarter lab, and then split between golden retriever and cocker spaniel. I also had a cat in the house when I adopted him. He spent his time, as a puppy, bothering the cat.. That was until the day I came home and noticed 1/4 inch long gash in his nose. Thereafter he had excellent kitty manners.
When my wife was a little girl, they had a Basset Hound named “Mandy”, and a cat named “Buttons”.
The cat so terrorized the dog that, when the two animals would pass in the narrow main hallway of the house, the cat would contemptuously strut right up the center of the hall, and Mandy the Basset Hound would be scraping the wall with the side of her body, her cowed head subserviently facing the wall in anticipation of a sudden attack.
Poor dog. I love cats, but as my wife related this to me, my heart was with the poor dog.
I would say that a good, large, muscular cat in good shape and experience in fighting would be a match for nearly any dog, but once there is more than one dog, I don’t have much hope for the cat.
And foxes seem to be more deadly to cats than dogs are, for some reason. That said, there is a great photo series showing a fox and a cat squaring off in the Russian snow somewhere, and in that one, the cat decisively wins.