Yep. Parasites.
Fun facts: lice are species specific. Human head lice feed only on humans, so can only spread plague by first being infected by a human. So lice can’t start a plague epidemic on their own.
And bed bugs have been around for thousands of years and have never been known to transmit any disease to humans ever.
Rodents and fleas however are noth famous for being noxious spreaders of disease, especially yersinia pestis.