Much longer than that. Look up the Guycot pistol and rifle chain gun (or the Treeby) - one shot with each pull of the trigger, as only one example of what was available back in the 1700 - 1800s. (You can find an episode of ‘Forgotten Weapons’ that cover them.) And they weren’t the only ones. The various semi-autos were just more expensive and not mass produced. And most didn’t use the blow-back of the round to cycle the action.
Plus there was the Girandoni Air Rifle, carried by Lewis and Clark, that dates from the 1770’s.