I think that the 5000 missiles simply overwhelmed the Iron Dome - every defense system has its saturation point, and that unprecedented barrage was what overtook the Iron Dome. It caught many, but couldn’t keep up. And, they spent countless rounds of ammunition defending against it until the supply was depleted.
As far as I’m concerned, Israel could go nuke and I’d be fine with that - except that nuke begat nuke and the whole world would be on fire soon. All because a bunch of brainwashed muslim thugs decided to kill innocent people in Israel. Their antisemitism exceeds even that of the Nazis in the 1930s.