Before ICE and hydrocarbon fuels: 90% of Americans lived on farms to feed the nation.
After ICE and hydrocarbon fuels: 2% of Americans live on farms to feed the nation.
Has any other industry seen such an explosion in productivity after the invention of internal combustion engines as agriculture?
LOTS of industries. But yes, the farming industry (and shift to industrial - also influenced hugely by fuel) is probably the biggest one in terms of social and economic impact in the USA.
Mining?