Note that your map shows the large bandwidth between Asia and US, as well as Europe and US, while bandwidth between Asia and Europe is limited.
During the time of day when Asia and Europe traffic peaks, there is relatively limited Asia - US and US - Europe traffic.
It is also nighttime in the US, so our east-west fiber links
across the US are idle.
To use the otherwise unused capacity, Asia and Europe traffic is transited via the US. This also gives NSA a fine opportunity to monitor it.
Note that most traffic between Asia and Latin America, as well as traffic between Europe and Latin America also transits nodes on the US east and west coasts.
The map is of undersea cables, not all cables. Europe and Asia are connected by land.