From everything I’ve read, US citizens who commit treason and sedition working with foreign governemnts are considered enemy combatants, thus the line of questioning between Lindsey Graham and Kavanaugh, who makes it clear.
Well, you need to read the definitions in the Law Of Armed Conflict (LOAC). Both Graham and Kavanaugh or at least the judge were referring to this.
Try this, Space Force’s
https://www.schriever.spaceforce.mil/Portals/17/documents/LOAC-Mar%2020.pdf
If they were, they would be unable to be prosecuted short of a war crime as POW's aren't criminal. No law against waging war according to the rules. They didn't, hence their different definition.