| Transcript |
| 0:01 | · | 1287 the Mongolian golden horde launches |
| 0:04 | · | a major campaign against the kingdom of |
| 0:06 | · | Poland this would be the third time a |
| 0:09 | · | Mongol Army invaded the country the |
| 0:12 | · | polls knew well they were facing a |
| 0:14 | · | formidable opponent commanded by two |
| 0:16 | · | capable and experienced military leaders |
| 0:18 | · | nogikon and talabuga Khan the Golden |
| 0:21 | · | horde's Army divided and entered Poland |
| 0:24 | · | via two attack points for many of the |
| 0:26 | · | polls they had little option but to hold |
| 0:28 | · | up within the country's fortresses |
| 0:30 | · | however Duke lezic the black would |
| 0:33 | · | muster an army and confront the golden |
| 0:35 | · | horde |
| 0:36 | · | meanwhile Lezak would appeal to his |
| 0:38 | · | neighbor the king of Hungary for help |
| 0:41 | · | Hungary would respond and soon a |
| 0:43 | · | coalition polish Hungarian force would |
| 0:45 | · | stand against the Mongols bolstered by |
| 0:48 | · | the courageous Hungarian Commander |
| 0:49 | · | George of sovar today on real Crusades |
| 0:53 | · | history where we don't just do Crusades |
| 0:55 | · | history will delve into yet another |
| 0:57 | · | fascinating campaign in the history of |
| 1:00 | · | the Monumental Mongol invasions the |
| 1:03 | · | third Mongol invasion of Poland |
| 1:08 | · | [Music] |
| 1:21 | · | in 1287 talabuka a descendant of Genghis |
| 1:25 | · | Khan became Khan of the Mongolian golden |
| 1:28 | · | horde one of the successor states to |
| 1:30 | · | emerge after the breakup of the original |
| 1:32 | · | Mongol Empire |
| 1:34 | · | talibuka was essentially the rightful |
| 1:36 | · | heir to the throne representing the |
| 1:38 | · | senior branch of the line of his |
| 1:40 | · | great-grandfather batukan |
| 1:43 | · | talabuka ruled alongside his Kinsmen the |
| 1:46 | · | general nogai Khan who during his life |
| 1:48 | · | acted as something of a king maker in |
| 1:51 | · | the golden horde recently in 1285 nogai |
| 1:54 | · | and talibuka had led the second Mongol |
| 1:57 | · | invasion of Hungary which had resulted |
| 1:59 | · | in defeat for the golden horde however |
| 2:02 | · | the two decided to once again attack |
| 2:04 | · | Europe This Time targeting the kingdom |
| 2:06 | · | of Poland according to James Chambers to |
| 2:08 | · | prevent the polls from supporting the |
| 2:10 | · | Hungarian barons |
| 2:14 | · | in November of 1287 no guy ordered his |
| 2:18 | · | ruthenian vassals to prepare their |
| 2:20 | · | armies for an expedition into Poland |
| 2:22 | · | while he and talibuka assembled their |
| 2:24 | · | cavalries as a result nogai and talibuka |
| 2:28 | · | marched out at the head of a large |
| 2:30 | · | Invasion Force numbering around 30 000 |
| 2:33 | · | composed of Mongol and turkic Cavalry as |
| 2:36 | · | well as some ruthenian auxiliaries |
| 2:39 | · | no guy himself devised the plan of |
| 2:43 | · | attack as in their previous invasion of |
| 2:45 | · | Poland in 1259 the golden horde host was |
| 2:49 | · | divided into two armies one Cavalry |
| 2:52 | · | Force numbering around 20 000 including |
| 2:55 | · | some ruthenian troops was led by |
| 2:57 | · | talibuga Khan and would drive towards |
| 2:59 | · | San domirsh and the north of Poland |
| 3:02 | · | simultaneously no guy Khan would lead 10 |
| 3:06 | · | 000 Cavalry composed entirely of Mongols |
| 3:08 | · | and Turks toward krakov |
| 3:11 | · | this two-pronged raid was to be |
| 3:13 | · | conducted at lightning speed to prevent |
| 3:15 | · | the poles from mounting an effective |
| 3:17 | · | defense |
| 3:18 | · | after plundering their respective |
| 3:20 | · | targets and conquering sandomirsch the |
| 3:22 | · | two armies were to reunite north of |
| 3:24 | · | krakov |
| 3:27 | · | from here they would Loot |
| 3:29 | · | kilzeoff miyakov and finally krakov |
| 3:33 | · | once Poland was thoroughly ravaged the |
| 3:36 | · | combined Mongol host would withdraw back |
| 3:38 | · | into the territory of the golden horde |
| 3:43 | · | the Mongols did achieve surprise |
| 3:47 | · | the first polish Prince to March against |
| 3:49 | · | the Mongols was lezic the second the |
| 3:52 | · | black high Duke of Poland described as |
| 3:54 | · | king of Poland by historian William |
| 3:56 | · | Urban |
| 3:58 | · | at the time the Polish monarchy was |
| 4:00 | · | experiencing a period of fragmentation |
| 4:01 | · | but according to Urban lezic had |
| 4:04 | · | restored the kingdom and himself become |
| 4:06 | · | king |
| 4:08 | · | lezic was a gifted ruler and military |
| 4:10 | · | commander he defeated the ruse in battle |
| 4:13 | · | and in 1282 crushed the sudovian |
| 4:15 | · | prussians during the northern Crusades |
| 4:18 | · | joined by Hungarian and human allies |
| 4:20 | · | he'd captured Krakow in 1285 now during |
| 4:24 | · | the third Mongol invasion he managed to |
| 4:27 | · | assemble an army numbering as many as |
| 4:29 | · | fifteen thousand men though ultimately |
| 4:31 | · | historians are unsure as to the size of |
| 4:33 | · | this host |
| 4:38 | · | despite his success as a warrior |
| 4:40 | · | lessick's married life proved less |
| 4:42 | · | fruitful his wife graffini of halik |
| 4:45 | · | never conceived a child in 1271 she fled |
| 4:49 | · | to Krakow and openly accused lezic of |
| 4:51 | · | impotence claiming that her marriage had |
| 4:53 | · | never been consummated this caused Great |
| 4:56 | · | Scandal but in 1275 with the |
| 4:59 | · | intervention of other members of the |
| 5:00 | · | Polish nobility the couple were |
| 5:02 | · | reconciled lezic sought treatment from |
| 5:05 | · | the famous physician Nikolai of Krakow |
| 5:08 | · | the physician's cure included eating |
| 5:10 | · | frogs and snakes however lezic and |
| 5:13 | · | graffina never had children which |
| 5:15 | · | according to the annals of Poland caused |
| 5:17 | · | a great Abomination for the country |
| 5:22 | · | like the hungarians the poles had |
| 5:24 | · | improved many of the fortifications in |
| 5:26 | · | their Kingdom by the 1280s |
| 5:28 | · | karakov now had a strongly built stone |
| 5:30 | · | Citadel and its own defensive catapults |
| 5:33 | · | conversely during the first two Mongol |
| 5:36 | · | invasions of Poland krakow's walls had |
| 5:38 | · | been made of wood |
| 5:43 | · | on December 7 1287 talabuka's Army broke |
| 5:47 | · | camp at vola damira |
| 5:49 | · | avoiding Loveland they attempted to |
| 5:51 | · | cross the Vistula near zavigast |
| 5:54 | · | the talabuka's annoyance the river was |
| 5:57 | · | not frozen and so he had to March South |
| 6:00 | · | in search of a Ford after crossing the |
| 6:03 | · | river the Mongols laid Siege to |
| 6:05 | · | sandomirsch but the city's defenses and |
| 6:08 | · | Garrison proved too strong his assault |
| 6:11 | · | repelled talabuka ended the siege he |
| 6:14 | · | dispatched raiding forces into the |
| 6:15 | · | country's side on December 20 while the |
| 6:18 | · | main column of talibuka's army was near |
| 6:21 | · | the Holy Cross mountains they |
| 6:22 | · | encountered a Polish force of unknown |
| 6:24 | · | size again around fifteen thousand at |
| 6:27 | · | the higher estimates |
| 6:28 | · | this polish force was led by Duke lezzek |
| 6:31 | · | II the black |
| 6:34 | · | thus began the Battle of Lago Duke |
| 6:38 | · | lezek's Army triumphed and talabuka |
| 6:40 | · | suffered defeat |
| 6:49 | · | after reaching the District of kyotze |
| 6:51 | · | talibuka began a retreat by January of |
| 6:54 | · | 1288 the Mongols had reached leviv where |
| 6:56 | · | they laid Camp meanwhile lezic marched |
| 6:59 | · | his army toward Krakow to ready the |
| 7:01 | · | defenses of the capital city |
| 7:04 | · | meanwhile no gaikon's forces the |
| 7:07 | · | southern division of the Golden horde's |
| 7:09 | · | Army entered Poland on Christmas Eve |
| 7:11 | · | 1287. they besieged krakov |
| 7:15 | · | City's Stone fortifications proved |
| 7:17 | · | resilient and no gaikon decided to |
| 7:19 | · | attempt an assault |
| 7:24 | · | this proved to be a disaster the polish |
| 7:27 | · | Defenders inflicted serious casualties |
| 7:29 | · | in the Mongol forces who lost several |
| 7:31 | · | important Commanders |
| 7:33 | · | frustrated no guy Khan changed tactics |
| 7:36 | · | he lifted The Siege and instead |
| 7:38 | · | dispersed his forces to plunder the |
| 7:40 | · | countryside to the north and south of |
| 7:42 | · | Krakow |
| 7:43 | · | Mongol and Target detachments raided The |
| 7:46 | · | Villages this resulted in several small |
| 7:49 | · | battles between local polish forces with |
| 7:51 | · | the small Mongol raiding parties |
| 7:54 | · | meanwhile no guys troops besieged the |
| 7:56 | · | towns of orolinets and studies after the |
| 8:00 | · | siege of krakov was lifted Duke lezic |
| 8:02 | · | took his wife in a band of his Knights |
| 8:04 | · | and a road for Hungary to seek help from |
| 8:07 | · | King latislaus IV |
| 8:09 | · | the hungarians had defeated a Mongol |
| 8:11 | · | invasion only two years earlier so they |
| 8:13 | · | were a good choice for an alliance |
| 8:15 | · | against the golden horde |
| 8:18 | · | the Mongols devastated honolinic and |
| 8:21 | · | skirmished with local polish forces |
| 8:23 | · | however they failed to capture studyson |
| 8:26 | · | which had strong walls and a capable |
| 8:28 | · | Garrison |
| 8:29 | · | meanwhile King lattice Laos of Hungary |
| 8:32 | · | dispatched a force under the nobleman |
| 8:34 | · | George of sovar to March to the aid of |
| 8:37 | · | Poland |
| 8:38 | · | on the way George's troops were joined |
| 8:41 | · | by local polish forces to form a |
| 8:43 | · | coalition Hungarian polish Army |
| 8:47 | · | George managed to surprise a Mongol |
| 8:49 | · | force of around 1 000 near study songs |
| 8:52 | · | the Mongols were caught completely off |
| 8:54 | · | guard and annihilated their Commander |
| 8:56 | · | dying during the fight |
| 8:59 | · | the Battle of stares proved to be the |
| 9:01 | · | final major engagement of the campaign |
| 9:04 | · | Duke lexic marched with his army to join |
| 9:07 | · | forces with George of sovar |
| 9:09 | · | the plan was then to deliver a knockout |
| 9:11 | · | blow to the Mongols however no guy Khan |
| 9:14 | · | recognized that his situation was |
| 9:16 | · | collapsing and ordered an immediate |
| 9:18 | · | retreat with most of his army still |
| 9:20 | · | intact |
| 9:22 | · | no guy was back in ruthenia by January |
| 9:25 | · | or February of 1288 |
| 9:29 | · | [Applause] |
| 9:30 | · | [Music] |
| 9:32 | · | the third Mongol invasion of Poland was |
| 9:35 | · | very different from the previous two |
| 9:36 | · | invasions but quite similar to the |
| 9:39 | · | 1285-86 Fiasco in Hungary |
| 9:42 | · | the Mongols failed to take any major |
| 9:45 | · | cities or castles and suffered serious |
| 9:47 | · | losses in the field against polish and |
| 9:49 | · | Hungarian forces |
| 9:51 | · | as in Hungary Poland's improved |
| 9:53 | · | fortifications proved effective |
| 9:55 | · | historian James Chambers states that for |
| 9:58 | · | the most part the only towns or castles |
| 10:01 | · | that were sacked were those that were |
| 10:02 | · | tricked into opening their gates after |
| 10:04 | · | being promised an amnesty by the |
| 10:06 | · | ruthenian auxiliaries |
| 10:09 | · | also rivalry between nogai and talabuka |
| 10:12 | · | hindered their cooperation |
| 10:14 | · | conversely cooperation between the |
| 10:16 | · | Polish and Hungarian forces allowed them |
| 10:19 | · | to deliver an effective counter blow |
| 10:20 | · | which convinced no guide to retreat |
| 10:23 | · | although the invasion was a failure it |
| 10:25 | · | did inflict considerable damage to |
| 10:27 | · | Poland and the Mongols might well have |
| 10:29 | · | achieved their goals had noga and |
| 10:31 | · | talabuka cooperated more effectively |
| 10:34 | · | it was a close-run victory but |
| 10:36 | · | undeniably a great victory for Poland |
| 10:38 | · | and Hungary |
| 10:40 | · | in February of 1288 Duke lezic expressed |
| 10:43 | · | his gratitude to George of sovar by |
| 10:45 | · | granting him a villa in Poland meanwhile |
| 10:48 | · | within a few years nogai and talibuka |
| 10:51 | · | would be engaged in civil war with one |
| 10:53 | · | another which in retrospect further |
| 10:55 | · | helps explain the poor execution of the |
| 10:58 | · | third Mongol invasion of Poland |
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