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Transcript
0:00 · [Music]
0:09 · the latter half of the 19th century was
0:12 · a dynamic time in world and u.s.
0:13 · politics and for the United States it
0:15 · marked that shift from always looking
0:17 · inward to starting to play a much more
0:19 · robust role on the international stage
0:21 · and that would set the stage for the
0:23 · role that the u.s. played in the
0:24 · monumental events of the 20th century
0:27 · and one person played an outsized role
0:30 · in the development of that new character
0:33 · in his 50-year career of public service
0:35 · he perhaps defined the national
0:37 · character more than any single US
0:40 · president and you've probably never
0:43 · heard his name John Hay was Abraham
0:46 · Lincoln's personal secretary he was a
0:47 · poet he was a diplomat he was the string
0:51 · that tied together the u.s.
0:52 · administration's from the Civil War to
0:54 · the 20th century and he is quite
0:57 · possibly the most important person you
1:00 · never heard of and his history deserves
1:03 · to be remembered John Milton hay was
1:07 · born in Salem Indiana in 1838 when he
1:10 · was three his family moved to Warsaw
1:11 · Illinois in 18-49 he went to live with
1:14 · his uncle Milton hay in Pittsfield to
1:16 · attend a better school Milton was a
1:18 · friend of fellow illinoisians lawyer
1:20 · Abraham Lincoln and had done some of his
1:22 · law training at Lincoln's firm he
1:24 · attended Brown University where he
1:26 · became an excellent student and writer
1:27 · when he graduated with a Master of Arts
1:29 · in 1858 he was named class poet John
1:33 · returned to Illinois to clerk at his
1:34 · uncle's law firm in Springfield located
1:36 · nearby Lincoln's own firm the young John
1:38 · Hay was not interested in politics but
1:40 · after Lincoln became the nominee became
1:42 · an ardent supporter he had years earlier
1:44 · first befriended the older John Nicolay
1:46 · who worked as Lincoln's campaign
1:48 · secretary when Nick Lake found that he
1:50 · could not do all the work he enlisted
1:52 · hey we worked full time for the Lincoln
1:54 · campaign for six months when Lincoln was
1:57 · elected Nicolay encouraged him to retain
1:59 · his services and both of them followed
2:01 · Lincoln to Washington as his secretary
2:03 · they shared a single bedroom in the
2:05 · White House Lincoln worked long hours
2:07 · sometimes 14-hour days and so did his
2:09 · secretaries they combined the role of
2:11 · chief of staff press secretary and
2:13 · gatekeeper to the president office
2:16 · seekers swarmed the White House so much
2:17 · so that hey once remarked the number of
2:20 · people in the United States
2:21 · who find it impossible to earn an honest
2:23 · living must be appalling Nicolay was
2:26 · known for his ill-tempered and called
2:28 · the Bulldog in the White House but hey
2:30 · was friendly a great conversationalist
2:31 · and often smiling one observer described
2:34 · hey is a nice young fellow who
2:35 · unfortunately looks about 17 and is
2:37 · oppressed by the necessity of behaving
2:39 · like 70 he became a close friend of
2:42 · Lincoln's 17 year old son Robert one
2:45 · historian described hey is Lincoln's
2:46 · propagandists and he often wrote the
2:48 · nonnamous articles and supported the
2:49 · administration's views or spun bad news
2:51 · after the Union loss in the Battle of
2:53 · first Manassas in July 1861 he was in
2:56 · Washington to watch crowds of soldiers
2:58 · some without anything but their soiled
3:00 · and dirty uniforms reached to Washington
3:01 · but in the papers he said it was only a
3:04 · victory of vastly superior numbers over
3:06 · a few cementary regiments and that there
3:08 · is nothing in this but the lives lost
3:09 · and the lives which must be lost to make
3:12 · it good Willie Lincoln died in early
3:14 · 1862 and Abraham's grief was enormous he
3:17 · found some solace in his young secretary
3:18 · Hey thinking of him if not a surrogate
3:20 · son then the young man who stirred a
3:22 · higher form of parental nurturing in the
3:24 · president contemporaries agreed with one
3:27 · saying that Lincoln loved him as a son
3:28 · Lincoln was close with his secretaries
3:30 · and he spent every minute with one or
3:31 · both he visited them and told stories
3:34 · when he was up at night and what little
3:35 · levity could enter the White House often
3:37 · came from Hey telling jokes and
3:38 · Lincoln's booming laugh hey and Nicolay
3:41 · were with Lincoln when he gave the
3:42 · Gettysburg Address Lincoln Cent hey all
3:44 · over the country during the war on
3:46 · missions for himself from the military
3:47 · by the end of the war he was a brevet
3:49 · colonel
3:50 · once Lincoln was safely reelected in the
3:52 · war seemed likely to end soon hey and
3:54 · Nicolay petitioned the president for new
3:56 · jobs
3:56 · Nicolay wished to marry and hey to find
3:59 · new experiences Mary Lincoln also sought
4:01 · their I'll stir as they often bump heads
4:03 · the secretaries called her the Hellcat
4:05 · Lincoln appointed them both to the US
4:07 · delegation to France he was at the White
4:10 · House with Robert when Abraham and Mary
4:12 · went to Ford's Theatre on April 14th
4:14 · 1865 they hurried to aside after he was
4:17 · shot and remain there all night until he
4:19 · died they said that a look of
4:22 · unspeakable peace came across his worn
4:24 · features at the moment of death
4:26 · he took the loss very hard in an 1866
4:29 · letter he said that Lincoln was the
4:30 · greatest character since Christ he would
4:33 · stood much of the rest of his life
4:34 · warning the man who had put him on a
4:36 · course for the rest of his life for a
4:38 · few years hey served in diplomatic teams
4:40 · in Europe in France Vienna with light
4:42 · workloads that allowed him to travel in
4:44 · 1871 he served in Spain under President
4:46 · Grant
4:47 · yes began working with Horace Greeley's
4:49 · New York Tribune than the largest
4:51 · circulating paper in the country Ralph
4:53 · Waldo Emerson joked that gravely did all
4:55 · his readers thinking in theory for them
4:56 · for two dollars a year he began by
4:59 · writing editorials and Greely Stern
5:01 · pronounced him the best he'd ever hired
5:02 · he reported on the Great Chicago Fire
5:05 · and interviewed mrs. O'Leary whose cows
5:07 · supposedly kicked the layout that
5:08 · spilled the kerosene that fired the
5:09 · straw that burned Chicago simultaneously
5:12 · he was gaining fame as a poet was
5:14 · published eleven times in 1871 became
5:17 · famous is a literary realist writing
5:19 · down to earth poetry when he mimicked
5:20 · the peculiar dialect of his childhood
5:22 · home Pike County Illinois one of his
5:25 · most popular was called Jim blood so
5:27 · we've got a steamboat engineer with two
5:29 · wives who weren't no saint but who
5:31 · sacrificed his life fighting fire in the
5:33 · boiler room to save the lives of the
5:34 · boat's passengers he weren't no saint
5:37 · but a judgement I'd run my chance with
5:38 · Jim alongside of some pious and
5:40 · gentlemen that when the shook hands with
5:42 · him he seen his duty a dead sure thing
5:44 · and he went for it there and then and
5:46 · Christ in a gonna be too hard on a man
5:49 · that died for men though he was known as
5:53 · an immense favorite of the ladies he
5:54 · remained a bachelor until he met Clara
5:56 · stone in 1872
5:57 · the daughter of a wealthy railroad
5:59 · magnate from Ohio it was love at first
6:01 · sight I had been struck down he wrote
6:03 · there's only one and one is enough
6:06 · her father Amasa stone had begun as a
6:09 · railroad engineer and amassed a fortune
6:10 · eventually becoming a board member of
6:12 · Western Union in Standard Oil
6:14 · he proposed to her in 1873 and they
6:16 · married in February of 1874 thanks to a
6:19 · Massa he became a rich man running his
6:21 · father-in-law's
6:22 · investments which were so safe they
6:24 · require no care a mess have built a
6:26 · lavish home and hay was soon worth three
6:28 · million dollars over sixty million
6:29 · dollars in two thousand twenty dollars
6:30 · the couple had four children two boys
6:33 · and two girls the girls remembered him
6:35 · as a tender-hearted father who spoiled
6:37 · them shamefully when a mess had
6:39 · committed suicide fog a train accident
6:40 · was blamed on his company hay became
6:43 · even wealthier helping to run the
6:45 · companies helped to make hay anti-labor
6:46 · and Amasa was in Europe
6:48 · where
6:48 · he dealt with a great strike of 1877 he
6:51 · was frustrated that the lower classes
6:53 · and wrote that the country is at the
6:54 · mercy of the mob he wrote his only novel
6:56 · in response the breadwinners in which he
6:59 · lambasted organized labor
7:00 · perhaps wisely he chose to publish it
7:02 · anonymously he reinterred politics in
7:05 · 1879 when President Hayes appointed him
7:07 · Assistant Secretary of State he
7:08 · supported James Garfield in the election
7:10 · of 1880 and advised the president and
7:12 · friend on appointments upon election but
7:15 · did not join the administration he
7:17 · grieved for her a second president when
7:18 · Garfield was shot and died in 1881 his
7:22 · family spent several months of every
7:23 · year in Europe and built two new homes
7:25 · and a Norma's mansion in Washington and
7:27 · a more modest cottage in New Hampshire
7:29 · that he called the fells in Washington
7:32 · they joined historian Henry Adams
7:33 · grandson of President John Quincy Adams
7:35 · Adams wife clover and Fame geologist
7:37 · Clarence King to form a tight knit Club
7:39 · they called the five of hearts
7:41 · unfortunately clover committed suicide
7:43 · in 1885 it was during this time that he
7:47 · and John Nicolay began writing the ten
7:48 · volume Abraham Lincoln a history using
7:51 · papers Robert Lincoln held their primary
7:54 · goal was to reveal the real Lincoln his
7:55 · former acquaintances like Lincoln's law
7:57 · partner William Herndon were making a
7:59 · living selling their own versions and
8:00 · Lincoln's reputation still hung in the
8:02 · balance
8:02 · the two secretaries rep more than 1.2
8:04 · million words about the former president
8:06 · his time over the next 15 years it began
8:08 · publishing in 1890 at first a chapter at
8:11 · the time and cereal form and century
8:12 · magazine but eventually as a 10 volume
8:14 · work they were accused of aggressive
8:17 · northern ISM but it came at a time when
8:19 · southern apologists were engaging in
8:20 · what hay and nickel a believed to be
8:22 · revisionist history the work would
8:25 · become the basis of the image of Lincoln
8:26 · we know today the great orator the sage
8:28 · father figure and the master of a team
8:30 · of rivals hay was an early supporter of
8:33 · William McKinley for first Speaker of
8:34 · the House in 1889 and then his nominee
8:36 · for president in 1896 he had been among
8:39 · the first to send money when McKinley
8:40 · was nearly bankrupted in the 1893 panic
8:43 · and he helped her on the nomination
8:44 · campaign as early as 1894 he admired
8:47 · McKinley who he called awfully like
8:49 · Lincoln in many respects hay donated so
8:52 · much to McKinley's campaign that Henry
8:53 · Adams later wondered I would give
8:55 · sixpence to know how much he paid for
8:56 · McKinley
8:57 · his politics must have cost for his
9:00 · services McKinley appointed Heyman
9:02 · to England he was well-liked in the
9:04 · capital in Queen Victoria called him the
9:06 · most interesting of all ambassadors I
9:08 · have known when John Sherman left his
9:10 · position as Secretary of State
9:11 · McKinley happily invited hate to take
9:12 · his place the US had just won the
9:14 · spanish-american war quickly and easily
9:16 · and what was left was to dismantle
9:18 · Spain's Empire as Secretary Hague
9:20 · completed treaties that gave us control
9:22 · over the Philippines Guam and Puerto
9:24 · Rico NASA came to an agreement with
9:26 · England and Germany to secure American
9:28 · Samoa he also supported a China free of
9:30 · colonialism and submitted the open door
9:32 · note in September 1899 which demanded
9:35 · unhindered trade for all the Pacific
9:37 · nation the open door policy protected
9:40 · trade but also Chinese sovereignty
9:41 · looking for a middle path that kept
9:43 · Jennifer been controlled by any single
9:45 · European power the Chinese weren't
9:47 · accommodating anti-foreign sentiment was
9:49 · rife especially with the fists of
9:51 · righteous harmony or the boxers the
9:54 · Boxer Rebellion grew quickly and soon
9:55 · missionaries had been killed in the
9:57 · foreign legations besieged when the
9:59 · multinational relief force was sent a
10:00 · feared that Europe had decided to
10:02 · conquer the country he worked with the
10:04 · Chinese Minister in Washington to help
10:05 · establish a resolution to the conflict
10:07 · in which China lost no territory to
10:09 · Europe Theodore Roosevelt replaced
10:12 · McKinley's dead vice president for the
10:13 · 1900 election which they won handily but
10:16 · the new century would bring tragedy for
10:18 · John Hay first in 1901 his oldest son
10:21 · Albert accidentally fell from a six
10:23 · floor window in Connecticut and died it
10:25 · hit a hard and collapsed when he reached
10:27 · New Haven simply overwhelmed hay was at
10:30 · the fells in September when he learned
10:31 · that McKinley had been shot at the
10:32 · Chicago World's Fair doctors thought
10:34 · they had saved the president was surgery
10:36 · so he went to Washington to manage the
10:37 · government McKinley's condition quickly
10:39 · became grave in the early hours of
10:41 · September 14th hay was alone in
10:43 · Washington weeping while he waited the
10:45 · inevitable news it was hey who telegram
10:48 · the news of the president's death the
10:49 · Vice President Roosevelt who is
10:51 · traveling in the dead of night out of
10:52 · the Adirondacks he visited John Nicolay
10:55 · on his deathbed only a few days later
10:57 · and left that meeting stricken with
10:59 · grief in December clans king died
11:01 · leaving only three and the five of
11:03 · hearts what a strange and tragic fate it
11:06 · has been of mine he said to stand by the
11:09 · bier of three of my dearest friends
11:11 · Lincoln Garfield and McKinley three of
11:15 · the gentlest
11:16 · of men all risen to be head of state and
11:18 · all done to death by assassins Roosevelt
11:23 · insisted that McKinley's cabinet stay on
11:25 · especially the venerated hey and so he
11:27 · did he negotiated a treaty that within
11:30 · disagreements over Alaska's southernmost
11:31 · borders and worked on finally securing
11:33 · American rights to what became the
11:34 · Panama Canal for years the preferred
11:37 · right had been through Nicaragua but
11:38 · Roosevelt said his eyes instead on
11:40 · Panama in part of Colombia first
11:42 · negotiations with the British failed and
11:44 · then when he negotiated with Colombia
11:45 · the Foreign Congress rejected it hey and
11:48 · Roosevelt decided that they had played
11:49 · nice long enough he predicted an
11:51 · insurrection on the Isthmus of Panama
11:52 · against the regime of folly and graft of
11:55 · Bogota a production that came true with
11:57 · the help of Panamanian agent in
11:59 · Washington and the islands presence of
12:01 · US ships off the Panamanian coast
12:02 · America had its canal he never overcame
12:06 · his grief for the loss of his son three
12:08 · years after his death he wrote the death
12:10 · of our boy made my wife and me old at
12:12 · once and for the rest of our lives
12:14 · result insisted hey stay on for a second
12:16 · term but the ailing he went to Europe on
12:18 · leave hoping to restore his health he
12:21 · went with his wife and Henry Adams and
12:22 · visited medicinal baths a little of his
12:25 · humor remained as he wrote to a friend
12:26 · that there is nothing the matter with me
12:28 · except old age the Senate and one or two
12:31 · other mortal maladies he visited
12:33 · Washington once more in June before
12:35 · leaving for the fells where he died on
12:37 · July 1st John Hay would be considered to
12:39 · be important he would deserve to be
12:41 · remembered merely for the role that he
12:43 · played in the historical understanding
12:44 · of the humanity of Abraham Lincoln one
12:47 · historian said that Americans today
12:49 · understand Lincoln in much the way that
12:50 · Nicolay and hay hoped that they would
12:52 · but it's difficult to overstate the role
12:55 · that he played in u.s. foreign policy
12:57 · his actions weren't always without
12:59 · controversy but he brought about more
13:01 · than 50 treaties in one of the most
13:04 · important times in US diplomatic history
13:06 · he played an outsized role in the
13:09 · development of US policy towards Asia
13:11 · and in the redevelopment of our special
13:13 · relationship with the United Kingdom and
13:15 · those would be defining factors in the
13:17 · role that the u.s. would play in the
13:19 · defining events of the 20th century and
13:22 · yet his name is nearly forgotten he once
13:25 · said that when he died I shall not be
13:26 · much missed except for by my wife he
13:29 · died at just the
13:30 · of 66 and yet he had outlived so many of
13:32 · his friends and in his 50-year career in
13:35 · public service he impacted both
13:38 · presidents and policy with the great
13:41 · personalities of Abraham Lincoln and
13:43 · Theodore Roosevelt John Hay was an arrow
13:47 · that ran through both I hope you enjoyed
13:51 · this episode of the history guy short
13:53 · snippets a forgotten history between 10
13:54 · and 15 minutes long and if you did enjoy
13:56 · please go ahead and click that thumbs up
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13:59 · comments or suggestions for future
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14:11 · episodes on forgotten history all you
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14:17 · [Music]

Transcript
0:00	·	[Music]
0:09	·	the latter half of the 19th century was
0:12	·	a dynamic time in world and u.s.
0:13	·	politics and for the United States it
0:15	·	marked that shift from always looking
0:17	·	inward to starting to play a much more
0:19	·	robust role on the international stage
0:21	·	and that would set the stage for the
0:23	·	role that the u.s. played in the
0:24	·	monumental events of the 20th century
0:27	·	and one person played an outsized role
0:30	·	in the development of that new character
0:33	·	in his 50-year career of public service
0:35	·	he perhaps defined the national
0:37	·	character more than any single US
0:40	·	president and you've probably never
0:43	·	heard his name John Hay was Abraham
0:46	·	Lincoln's personal secretary he was a
0:47	·	poet he was a diplomat he was the string
0:51	·	that tied together the u.s.
0:52	·	administration's from the Civil War to
0:54	·	the 20th century and he is quite
0:57	·	possibly the most important person you
1:00	·	never heard of and his history deserves
1:03	·	to be remembered John Milton hay was
1:07	·	born in Salem Indiana in 1838 when he
1:10	·	was three his family moved to Warsaw
1:11	·	Illinois in 18-49 he went to live with
1:14	·	his uncle Milton hay in Pittsfield to
1:16	·	attend a better school Milton was a
1:18	·	friend of fellow illinoisians lawyer
1:20	·	Abraham Lincoln and had done some of his
1:22	·	law training at Lincoln's firm he
1:24	·	attended Brown University where he
1:26	·	became an excellent student and writer
1:27	·	when he graduated with a Master of Arts
1:29	·	in 1858 he was named class poet John
1:33	·	returned to Illinois to clerk at his
1:34	·	uncle's law firm in Springfield located
1:36	·	nearby Lincoln's own firm the young John
1:38	·	Hay was not interested in politics but
1:40	·	after Lincoln became the nominee became
1:42	·	an ardent supporter he had years earlier
1:44	·	first befriended the older John Nicolay
1:46	·	who worked as Lincoln's campaign
1:48	·	secretary when Nick Lake found that he
1:50	·	could not do all the work he enlisted
1:52	·	hey we worked full time for the Lincoln
1:54	·	campaign for six months when Lincoln was
1:57	·	elected Nicolay encouraged him to retain
1:59	·	his services and both of them followed
2:01	·	Lincoln to Washington as his secretary
2:03	·	they shared a single bedroom in the
2:05	·	White House Lincoln worked long hours
2:07	·	sometimes 14-hour days and so did his
2:09	·	secretaries they combined the role of
2:11	·	chief of staff press secretary and
2:13	·	gatekeeper to the president office
2:16	·	seekers swarmed the White House so much
2:17	·	so that hey once remarked the number of
2:20	·	people in the United States
2:21	·	who find it impossible to earn an honest
2:23	·	living must be appalling Nicolay was
2:26	·	known for his ill-tempered and called
2:28	·	the Bulldog in the White House but hey
2:30	·	was friendly a great conversationalist
2:31	·	and often smiling one observer described
2:34	·	hey is a nice young fellow who
2:35	·	unfortunately looks about 17 and is
2:37	·	oppressed by the necessity of behaving
2:39	·	like 70 he became a close friend of
2:42	·	Lincoln's 17 year old son Robert one
2:45	·	historian described hey is Lincoln's
2:46	·	propagandists and he often wrote the
2:48	·	nonnamous articles and supported the
2:49	·	administration's views or spun bad news
2:51	·	after the Union loss in the Battle of
2:53	·	first Manassas in July 1861 he was in
2:56	·	Washington to watch crowds of soldiers
2:58	·	some without anything but their soiled
3:00	·	and dirty uniforms reached to Washington
3:01	·	but in the papers he said it was only a
3:04	·	victory of vastly superior numbers over
3:06	·	a few cementary regiments and that there
3:08	·	is nothing in this but the lives lost
3:09	·	and the lives which must be lost to make
3:12	·	it good Willie Lincoln died in early
3:14	·	1862 and Abraham's grief was enormous he
3:17	·	found some solace in his young secretary
3:18	·	Hey thinking of him if not a surrogate
3:20	·	son then the young man who stirred a
3:22	·	higher form of parental nurturing in the
3:24	·	president contemporaries agreed with one
3:27	·	saying that Lincoln loved him as a son
3:28	·	Lincoln was close with his secretaries
3:30	·	and he spent every minute with one or
3:31	·	both he visited them and told stories
3:34	·	when he was up at night and what little
3:35	·	levity could enter the White House often
3:37	·	came from Hey telling jokes and
3:38	·	Lincoln's booming laugh hey and Nicolay
3:41	·	were with Lincoln when he gave the
3:42	·	Gettysburg Address Lincoln Cent hey all
3:44	·	over the country during the war on
3:46	·	missions for himself from the military
3:47	·	by the end of the war he was a brevet
3:49	·	colonel
3:50	·	once Lincoln was safely reelected in the
3:52	·	war seemed likely to end soon hey and
3:54	·	Nicolay petitioned the president for new
3:56	·	jobs
3:56	·	Nicolay wished to marry and hey to find
3:59	·	new experiences Mary Lincoln also sought
4:01	·	their I'll stir as they often bump heads
4:03	·	the secretaries called her the Hellcat
4:05	·	Lincoln appointed them both to the US
4:07	·	delegation to France he was at the White
4:10	·	House with Robert when Abraham and Mary
4:12	·	went to Ford's Theatre on April 14th
4:14	·	1865 they hurried to aside after he was
4:17	·	shot and remain there all night until he
4:19	·	died they said that a look of
4:22	·	unspeakable peace came across his worn
4:24	·	features at the moment of death
4:26	·	he took the loss very hard in an 1866
4:29	·	letter he said that Lincoln was the
4:30	·	greatest character since Christ he would
4:33	·	stood much of the rest of his life
4:34	·	warning the man who had put him on a
4:36	·	course for the rest of his life for a
4:38	·	few years hey served in diplomatic teams
4:40	·	in Europe in France Vienna with light
4:42	·	workloads that allowed him to travel in
4:44	·	1871 he served in Spain under President
4:46	·	Grant
4:47	·	yes began working with Horace Greeley's
4:49	·	New York Tribune than the largest
4:51	·	circulating paper in the country Ralph
4:53	·	Waldo Emerson joked that gravely did all
4:55	·	his readers thinking in theory for them
4:56	·	for two dollars a year he began by
4:59	·	writing editorials and Greely Stern
5:01	·	pronounced him the best he'd ever hired
5:02	·	he reported on the Great Chicago Fire
5:05	·	and interviewed mrs. O'Leary whose cows
5:07	·	supposedly kicked the layout that
5:08	·	spilled the kerosene that fired the
5:09	·	straw that burned Chicago simultaneously
5:12	·	he was gaining fame as a poet was
5:14	·	published eleven times in 1871 became
5:17	·	famous is a literary realist writing
5:19	·	down to earth poetry when he mimicked
5:20	·	the peculiar dialect of his childhood
5:22	·	home Pike County Illinois one of his
5:25	·	most popular was called Jim blood so
5:27	·	we've got a steamboat engineer with two
5:29	·	wives who weren't no saint but who
5:31	·	sacrificed his life fighting fire in the
5:33	·	boiler room to save the lives of the
5:34	·	boat's passengers he weren't no saint
5:37	·	but a judgement I'd run my chance with
5:38	·	Jim alongside of some pious and
5:40	·	gentlemen that when the shook hands with
5:42	·	him he seen his duty a dead sure thing
5:44	·	and he went for it there and then and
5:46	·	Christ in a gonna be too hard on a man
5:49	·	that died for men though he was known as
5:53	·	an immense favorite of the ladies he
5:54	·	remained a bachelor until he met Clara
5:56	·	stone in 1872
5:57	·	the daughter of a wealthy railroad
5:59	·	magnate from Ohio it was love at first
6:01	·	sight I had been struck down he wrote
6:03	·	there's only one and one is enough
6:06	·	her father Amasa stone had begun as a
6:09	·	railroad engineer and amassed a fortune
6:10	·	eventually becoming a board member of
6:12	·	Western Union in Standard Oil
6:14	·	he proposed to her in 1873 and they
6:16	·	married in February of 1874 thanks to a
6:19	·	Massa he became a rich man running his
6:21	·	father-in-law's
6:22	·	investments which were so safe they
6:24	·	require no care a mess have built a
6:26	·	lavish home and hay was soon worth three
6:28	·	million dollars over sixty million
6:29	·	dollars in two thousand twenty dollars
6:30	·	the couple had four children two boys
6:33	·	and two girls the girls remembered him
6:35	·	as a tender-hearted father who spoiled
6:37	·	them shamefully when a mess had
6:39	·	committed suicide fog a train accident
6:40	·	was blamed on his company hay became
6:43	·	even wealthier helping to run the
6:45	·	companies helped to make hay anti-labor
6:46	·	and Amasa was in Europe
6:48	·	where
6:48	·	he dealt with a great strike of 1877 he
6:51	·	was frustrated that the lower classes
6:53	·	and wrote that the country is at the
6:54	·	mercy of the mob he wrote his only novel
6:56	·	in response the breadwinners in which he
6:59	·	lambasted organized labor
7:00	·	perhaps wisely he chose to publish it
7:02	·	anonymously he reinterred politics in
7:05	·	1879 when President Hayes appointed him
7:07	·	Assistant Secretary of State he
7:08	·	supported James Garfield in the election
7:10	·	of 1880 and advised the president and
7:12	·	friend on appointments upon election but
7:15	·	did not join the administration he
7:17	·	grieved for her a second president when
7:18	·	Garfield was shot and died in 1881 his
7:22	·	family spent several months of every
7:23	·	year in Europe and built two new homes
7:25	·	and a Norma's mansion in Washington and
7:27	·	a more modest cottage in New Hampshire
7:29	·	that he called the fells in Washington
7:32	·	they joined historian Henry Adams
7:33	·	grandson of President John Quincy Adams
7:35	·	Adams wife clover and Fame geologist
7:37	·	Clarence King to form a tight knit Club
7:39	·	they called the five of hearts
7:41	·	unfortunately clover committed suicide
7:43	·	in 1885 it was during this time that he
7:47	·	and John Nicolay began writing the ten
7:48	·	volume Abraham Lincoln a history using
7:51	·	papers Robert Lincoln held their primary
7:54	·	goal was to reveal the real Lincoln his
7:55	·	former acquaintances like Lincoln's law
7:57	·	partner William Herndon were making a
7:59	·	living selling their own versions and
8:00	·	Lincoln's reputation still hung in the
8:02	·	balance
8:02	·	the two secretaries rep more than 1.2
8:04	·	million words about the former president
8:06	·	his time over the next 15 years it began
8:08	·	publishing in 1890 at first a chapter at
8:11	·	the time and cereal form and century
8:12	·	magazine but eventually as a 10 volume
8:14	·	work they were accused of aggressive
8:17	·	northern ISM but it came at a time when
8:19	·	southern apologists were engaging in
8:20	·	what hay and nickel a believed to be
8:22	·	revisionist history the work would
8:25	·	become the basis of the image of Lincoln
8:26	·	we know today the great orator the sage
8:28	·	father figure and the master of a team
8:30	·	of rivals hay was an early supporter of
8:33	·	William McKinley for first Speaker of
8:34	·	the House in 1889 and then his nominee
8:36	·	for president in 1896 he had been among
8:39	·	the first to send money when McKinley
8:40	·	was nearly bankrupted in the 1893 panic
8:43	·	and he helped her on the nomination
8:44	·	campaign as early as 1894 he admired
8:47	·	McKinley who he called awfully like
8:49	·	Lincoln in many respects hay donated so
8:52	·	much to McKinley's campaign that Henry
8:53	·	Adams later wondered I would give
8:55	·	sixpence to know how much he paid for
8:56	·	McKinley
8:57	·	his politics must have cost for his
9:00	·	services McKinley appointed Heyman
9:02	·	to England he was well-liked in the
9:04	·	capital in Queen Victoria called him the
9:06	·	most interesting of all ambassadors I
9:08	·	have known when John Sherman left his
9:10	·	position as Secretary of State
9:11	·	McKinley happily invited hate to take
9:12	·	his place the US had just won the
9:14	·	spanish-american war quickly and easily
9:16	·	and what was left was to dismantle
9:18	·	Spain's Empire as Secretary Hague
9:20	·	completed treaties that gave us control
9:22	·	over the Philippines Guam and Puerto
9:24	·	Rico NASA came to an agreement with
9:26	·	England and Germany to secure American
9:28	·	Samoa he also supported a China free of
9:30	·	colonialism and submitted the open door
9:32	·	note in September 1899 which demanded
9:35	·	unhindered trade for all the Pacific
9:37	·	nation the open door policy protected
9:40	·	trade but also Chinese sovereignty
9:41	·	looking for a middle path that kept
9:43	·	Jennifer been controlled by any single
9:45	·	European power the Chinese weren't
9:47	·	accommodating anti-foreign sentiment was
9:49	·	rife especially with the fists of
9:51	·	righteous harmony or the boxers the
9:54	·	Boxer Rebellion grew quickly and soon
9:55	·	missionaries had been killed in the
9:57	·	foreign legations besieged when the
9:59	·	multinational relief force was sent a
10:00	·	feared that Europe had decided to
10:02	·	conquer the country he worked with the
10:04	·	Chinese Minister in Washington to help
10:05	·	establish a resolution to the conflict
10:07	·	in which China lost no territory to
10:09	·	Europe Theodore Roosevelt replaced
10:12	·	McKinley's dead vice president for the
10:13	·	1900 election which they won handily but
10:16	·	the new century would bring tragedy for
10:18	·	John Hay first in 1901 his oldest son
10:21	·	Albert accidentally fell from a six
10:23	·	floor window in Connecticut and died it
10:25	·	hit a hard and collapsed when he reached
10:27	·	New Haven simply overwhelmed hay was at
10:30	·	the fells in September when he learned
10:31	·	that McKinley had been shot at the
10:32	·	Chicago World's Fair doctors thought
10:34	·	they had saved the president was surgery
10:36	·	so he went to Washington to manage the
10:37	·	government McKinley's condition quickly
10:39	·	became grave in the early hours of
10:41	·	September 14th hay was alone in
10:43	·	Washington weeping while he waited the
10:45	·	inevitable news it was hey who telegram
10:48	·	the news of the president's death the
10:49	·	Vice President Roosevelt who is
10:51	·	traveling in the dead of night out of
10:52	·	the Adirondacks he visited John Nicolay
10:55	·	on his deathbed only a few days later
10:57	·	and left that meeting stricken with
10:59	·	grief in December clans king died
11:01	·	leaving only three and the five of
11:03	·	hearts what a strange and tragic fate it
11:06	·	has been of mine he said to stand by the
11:09	·	bier of three of my dearest friends
11:11	·	Lincoln Garfield and McKinley three of
11:15	·	the gentlest
11:16	·	of men all risen to be head of state and
11:18	·	all done to death by assassins Roosevelt
11:23	·	insisted that McKinley's cabinet stay on
11:25	·	especially the venerated hey and so he
11:27	·	did he negotiated a treaty that within
11:30	·	disagreements over Alaska's southernmost
11:31	·	borders and worked on finally securing
11:33	·	American rights to what became the
11:34	·	Panama Canal for years the preferred
11:37	·	right had been through Nicaragua but
11:38	·	Roosevelt said his eyes instead on
11:40	·	Panama in part of Colombia first
11:42	·	negotiations with the British failed and
11:44	·	then when he negotiated with Colombia
11:45	·	the Foreign Congress rejected it hey and
11:48	·	Roosevelt decided that they had played
11:49	·	nice long enough he predicted an
11:51	·	insurrection on the Isthmus of Panama
11:52	·	against the regime of folly and graft of
11:55	·	Bogota a production that came true with
11:57	·	the help of Panamanian agent in
11:59	·	Washington and the islands presence of
12:01	·	US ships off the Panamanian coast
12:02	·	America had its canal he never overcame
12:06	·	his grief for the loss of his son three
12:08	·	years after his death he wrote the death
12:10	·	of our boy made my wife and me old at
12:12	·	once and for the rest of our lives
12:14	·	result insisted hey stay on for a second
12:16	·	term but the ailing he went to Europe on
12:18	·	leave hoping to restore his health he
12:21	·	went with his wife and Henry Adams and
12:22	·	visited medicinal baths a little of his
12:25	·	humor remained as he wrote to a friend
12:26	·	that there is nothing the matter with me
12:28	·	except old age the Senate and one or two
12:31	·	other mortal maladies he visited
12:33	·	Washington once more in June before
12:35	·	leaving for the fells where he died on
12:37	·	July 1st John Hay would be considered to
12:39	·	be important he would deserve to be
12:41	·	remembered merely for the role that he
12:43	·	played in the historical understanding
12:44	·	of the humanity of Abraham Lincoln one
12:47	·	historian said that Americans today
12:49	·	understand Lincoln in much the way that
12:50	·	Nicolay and hay hoped that they would
12:52	·	but it's difficult to overstate the role
12:55	·	that he played in u.s. foreign policy
12:57	·	his actions weren't always without
12:59	·	controversy but he brought about more
13:01	·	than 50 treaties in one of the most
13:04	·	important times in US diplomatic history
13:06	·	he played an outsized role in the
13:09	·	development of US policy towards Asia
13:11	·	and in the redevelopment of our special
13:13	·	relationship with the United Kingdom and
13:15	·	those would be defining factors in the
13:17	·	role that the u.s. would play in the
13:19	·	defining events of the 20th century and
13:22	·	yet his name is nearly forgotten he once
13:25	·	said that when he died I shall not be
13:26	·	much missed except for by my wife he
13:29	·	died at just the
13:30	·	of 66 and yet he had outlived so many of
13:32	·	his friends and in his 50-year career in
13:35	·	public service he impacted both
13:38	·	presidents and policy with the great
13:41	·	personalities of Abraham Lincoln and
13:43	·	Theodore Roosevelt John Hay was an arrow
13:47	·	that ran through both I hope you enjoyed
13:51	·	this episode of the history guy short
13:53	·	snippets a forgotten history between 10
13:54	·	and 15 minutes long and if you did enjoy
13:56	·	please go ahead and click that thumbs up
13:57	·	button if you have any questions or
13:59	·	comments or suggestions for future
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14:17	·	[Music]