I just can't think of a time when we named a ship after an old enemy. For example, our first USS Enterprise was the captured HMS George during the American Revolution. Obviously we didn't want to sail on a ship named after our most hated enemy (at the time) so we named it the same thing France (Le Enterprize) and England (HMS Enterprise) had named some of their ships as our way of saying we've arrived as a naval power.
Plus, the Enterprise name was our way of telling England that we can capture enemy ships too -- because the first British ship named HMS Enterprise was the the one captured from the French. So we obviously had a reason to go with the name Enterprise in the late 18th century (this was before 1799 Enterprise's many glories during the Barbary Wars in the 19th century, and way before the very storied WW2 Enterprise aircraft carrier in the 20th century).
Back to building a ship and naming it Tripoli. What next? Are the British so proud of their role in beating Germany in WW2 that they're going to name their next ship the HMS Nazi? Maybe we ought to name our next ship the USS Alqaeda. That's what naming a ship after our first foreign enemy seems like to me.