Now that we have entered into a new Cold War with Russia, what have we achieved and what will the ramifications be in the future for thr entire globe?
What you believe about Putin's intentions is irrelevant. What matters is what Putin/Russia and Zelensky/Ukraine believe. Russia "occupied" Ukraine for literally centuries -- right up until the 1990's. Did you ever read Putin's essay he wrote last summer, in which he said that Ukraine historically/culturally is a part of Russia, and that there really isn't a Ukrainian identity at all? That was basically a manifesto that Ukraine shouldn't exist at all. Any fair-minded person reading that would conclude that Putin does not/did not believe as you do. Certainly, the Ukrainians aren't going to have the same faith you do that Russia considers Ukraine to be long-term independent.
The Ukrainians -- and all of us -- also have the uncontroverted evidence of the Russians battling bitterly on the outskirts of Kyiv itself. They lost, but it surely shows their intent. Or at least, a very reasonable fear on the part of Ukraine that Russia would gladly take the entire country if it thought it could.
And that's the entire problem with the Russian offer of a ceasefire. They want Ukraine to give up large chunks of the most industrialized parts of their country, likely including the entire Black Sea coast east to the Donbass to give the Russians that land bridge. That will unquestionably make Ukraine a weaker/poorer country moving forward. Even if they rebuild all of it, they'll be a rump version of the country they were prior to this war. And, what's left of Ukraine must promise not to join NATO, which means they'd be fighting alone once more.
So what's to prevent Russia from learning from this invasion, retooling their military, and then trying another blitzkrieg in the next year or two? Ukraine will be smaller, they'd have given up the more easily defended built-up areas in the Donbass, the Russians would have that even bigger foothold surrounding Crimea and the whole Mariupol area...and Ukraine again would have no allies to come to its aid. Even if you personally don't think that's likely, Ukraine can't afford the luxury of being wrong if it makes the same bet. They'd literally be betting their future as a nation on the good will of Vladimir Putin. And what kind of a moron would do that?
That's the entire problem with coming to a ceasefire. Russia is insisting on terms that will make Ukraine weaker and more vulnerable than it was before this war, and there is absolutely zero reason for them to believe any Russian promises that they won't try again. Ukraine cannot agree to that unless they literally are unable to fight any further, which is not the case.