The primary fertilizer components are potash (soluble potassium compound) phosphorus and nitrogen. Potash gets mined, as does a lot of phosphorus, the latter from large animal (birds) accumulations in isolated areas (not sure if those sources included fossil poo’s). The nitrogen is in ammonium nitrate, manufactured in large quantities since around WW1. Cheap oil is the direct line to cheap ammonium nitrate, which is the bulk application material.
The three numbers on your bag fertilizer are those 3 components.
IOW, has nothing to do with China, then. Thanks for the facts.