“The tariffs and penalties were on imports.”
As I have written before, the navigation act of 1817, in regards to imports, was rescinded in 1830. Only coastal shipping remained affected, and it remains so restricted to this day. I have posted, and will post further examples, of IMPORT and EXPORT vessels at harbors OTHER THAN New Orleans.
AND YOU STILL IGNORE THAE FACT THAT THIS DISPROVES YOUR CONTENTION THAT SOUTHERN BUSINESSES WERE FORCED TO USE NORTHERN SHIPS!
To recap:
The reason for secession was the South’s desire to preserve slavery.
The trigger for secession was the election of Abraham Lincoln, which fed fear of the abolitionist foundation of the Republican Party.
The American Civil War began when units of the South Carolina Militia fired upon a Union fort in Charleston harbor.
It doesn't disprove my contention. The economics of the situation forced them to use Northern shipping because foreign shipping was unable to carry cargo between ports. Foreign shipping had to sail empty and this put them at a serious economic disadvantage compared to Northern shipping.
To recap:
I don't care about your mantra. I am not persuaded by argumentum ad nauseam.