Early muzzies?
Some sort of formal execution anyway.
They should never have crossed Titus “the Shark” Andronicus. His boys knew how to take care of business.
Gladiators were occasionally buried in this fashion, but I don’t know who else might have been treated this way.
Vampires
Gladiators were occasionally buried in this fashion, but I don’t know who else might have been treated this way.
And Nobody Knows Why They Were Killed....
I am not losing any sleep on this one.
Roman citizens were beheaded. Non-citizens were crucified, or sometimes burned on a stake.
Romans were brutal. When Tiberius discovered his tyrannical henchman Sejanus’ plans to usurp him, he had his 2nd in command Macro murder hundreds of Sejanus’ supporters and family members. Many of their decapitated bodies were left in public view for days. Sejanus’ young daughter Junilla could not be executed because of a Roman law against executing virgins. So one of Macro’s centurians was ordered to rape her first, with a rope around her neck, and then strangle her. Her defiled and murdered body was then also displayed.
“...And Nobody Knows Why They Were Killed”
What? No video? /s
Like St. Paul, the form of execution for Roman citizen was beheading.