Dengue virus is the most obvious example. It has 4 serotypes which cross-react with antibodies in such a way that strongly encourages ADE. The antibodies in that case can be fine for one serotype, but have disastrous results when another serotype is encountered. Yellow fever, Zika, Influenza, and others have also been observed to cause this in some cases.
When we talk about vaccines and ADE, the last big issues there were from the 1960s with measles and RSV. And those vaccines got fixed 50+ years ago to prevent that from happening. It’s extremely rare to see it in a vaccine these days. The 2012 paper you sometimes cite about ADE and SARS2003 specifically talked about the risk of ADE from the N (nucleocapsid) protein. The immune system definitely reacts to that antigen and produces antibodies to it. But the vaccines in use in the US don’t have any N proteins involved. It’s all S protein. That was done on purpose to reduce the risk of ADE.