The federal government has some ways to get people to vaccinate, imposing it as a condition of getting a passport, for example.....also Health care workers.
States have the authority to regulate public health and they have in the past mandated vaccines. The classic case in this area of law, Jacobson v. Massachusetts in 1905, was decided by the Supreme Court after a smallpox outbreak.
Cities have powers, too: In 2019, New York City required people living in four ZIP codes in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, to get the measles vaccine, prove they’ve already had it or face a $1,000 fine.
Universities may mandate students, faculty and staff to be immunized for certain diseases before coming on campus. Schools may have the same requirements for children.
https://www.today.com/health/will-covid-19-vaccine-be-mandatory-t190838