* Great slave networks had existed in Africa hundreds of years before the arrival of the Portuguese. The Ghana Empire and the Mali Empire following it supported slavery in a variety of forms. Such empires and the smaller tribal groups engaged in slavery and the long-distance slave trade.
* It appears that many slaves were transported and sold to the Muslim worlds of North Africa and the Middle East. An eastern slave route from Africa to India expandED trade due in part to the conquests of Muhammad bin Qasim.
* Likewise, slavery had been at times integral to Chinese society to a greater or lesser degree since the second millennium BCE.
The unfulfilled promise of our country is expressed in the second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence: “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” These aspirational words written by Thomas Jefferson (himself a slave-owner and personally conflicted about the practice) are the foundation of America.
The idea that somehow the United States is a fundamentally racist country founded on racism by racists is far from the truth. Socially constructed racism remains a challenge for the United States, but the aspirations of the Founders in the Declaration have proven far more important and powerful than any Hollywoodish racist script peddled by today’s race-baiting hucksters.
My wife tells me her great grandmother was a slave as a young girl during the Qing Dynasty.
The 1619 project is just another tool to undermine America.
Islam STILL practices slavery.
The Hindu Kush earned its name from the Muslim slave trade of Hindu peoples.
Tears!
Many captured people died on their forced march to Arab slave markets.