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Re Polynesian navigation: Y'know, this is a nice mental escape from the election mess!
When -- after over 40 years constant subscriptions (ca 2005)-- I could no longer stand the liberal & Gorebull Wahruming BS of Nat Geo and Sci AM -- I dumped them. The article(s) on Polynesian navigation were some time between 2001 & 2005... Checked Nat Geo website -- but no archival searching is offered...
Did web search for, "Polynesian navigation methods" -- and -- BINGO! Turns out there is even a "Polynesian Voyaging Society" (http://www.pvs.hawaii.org)!
First solid hit was a PDF of a PowerPoint -- from Colorado U, of all places...
"Secrets of Traditional Polynesian Navigation"
IMHO, the PDF is definitely worth downloading.
It appears that most long-distance navigation was celestial* -- with "Huina Au Holo" (Current refraction) kicking in within 30-60 mi. of landfall...
*Be sure to check out how "landmarks" on the navigator's hand were used to measure degrees above the horizion -- with fractional-degree accuracy!
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That should be enough to get you started on the subject. Please let me know if you run across something cool...
FReQgards,
TXnMA

Wow, thanks for those details! Amazing what people were doing before any technology at all or even accurate maps.
This is all way beyond my brain span. :-D
Thanks