There was also the Hanseatic League, which was a cooperative venture organized by northern German city-states, persisting for about 400 years, ending for all practical purposes due to the Thirty Years' War.
The oldest documented mention of Krantor (Zuraw) as a wooden port crane was in 1367. What you see today, however, was reconstructed in the middle of the 15th century after a devastating fire devoured the original structure. The large crane was used to place masts on ships and to load cargo.