The first is telephone network tracking. This is an essential part of providing cell phone service. The phone network has to know where to deliver a call to you.
The second is IP tracking and is related to the first. The data network has to know where to send packets to your cell phone IP address.
These two are closely related everything from the cell tower on is sent digitally. Voice call packets are a VERY low bandwidth and are simply stuffed into gaps in the data flow.
These records can only be accessed by a warrant for US persons. US persons are US citizens and non-citizens subject to US law. If a US person is intercepted while monitoring a foreigner the government is required bu law to minimize the person's identity. We all know how that worked out under the 0bama regime.
The third type is the most pernicious. That is commercial tracking via access to the phone's location service.
The only way to completely prevent all tracking is to power the phone off and remove the sim card. This makes the phone less valuable than a rock. Rocks can at least be used form pounding something.
WWG1WGA
Garde la Foi, mes amis! Nous nous sommes les sauveurs de la République! Maintenant et Toujours!
(Keep the Faith, my friends! We are the saviors of the Republic! Now and Forever!)
LonePalm, le Républicain du verre cassé (The Broken Glass Republican)