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those gas particles on your clothing could start the effect all over again.

Not actually a gas, a micro pulverized solid.
Different methods used for dispersal.

The particles get in the fiber of your clothing, hair, eyebrows...

I've been retired for almost 17 years, so I'm a bit rusty on what I remember from my training. We had to go through it once a year. I do remember the stuff we used was heat activated. Once it hit the skin, it started working. We had various types of gas projectiles. Some that looked like grenades that could be thrown, or dispensed from a gas gun. One grenade type had three sections to it that would break open one after the other. We also had some that were rocket shaped with fins to make it go farther. They were filled with liquid, and could penetrate through a wall. We also had hand-held spray cans, which you were trained to aim between the neck and chest area.

I worked in NY State's prison system so there could be various incidents that might require gas. If it had to be used in doors, you had to follow a specific formula based on the size of the area, the number of inmates you'd be using it on, and the lethal toxicity to prevent death. Other than at the academy, I was never exposed to it during the years I worked there. It was rarely used, and could only be used as a last resort, and if I remember correctly, only a Captain or above could authorize its use. Because I've been retired so long, I don't know if they even use that stuff anymore, or have moved on to something more modern. The stuff had an expiration date, and had to be disposed of in a specific way once it was past its shelf life.