There is a fair degree of accuracy in both statements.
I know many southerners that believe their area is 20-30 years behind in economic development due to the war. And most of the accepted history at the time does include well documented efforts by local governments run by southerners to suppress black civil rights, especially voting and gun ownership.
Yes, so a mixture of both. Interesting. Seems like that war, more than even the first world wars, is hard to get down to the truth of it all.