Replies

Theses for the Reconstruction of Ancient History
VIII, 173. Ramses I is identical with, Necho 1. He was one of the viceroys under Essarhadon. After the death of Essarhadon, when the viceroys took sides with Tirhaka the Ethiopian and were killed by Assurbanipal, Ramses I, pardoned by the Assyrian King, was installed by him as the king of Egypt.
Necho I
This Necho lives in history as Ramses I of the Nineteenth, and Necho I of the Twenty-sixth Dynasties. He was installed by Assurbanipal in ca. -655, a score of years after Haremhab’s final expulsion. We shall continue, in this reconstruction of history, to refer to him as Ramses I, although an earlier king of that name, Ramses Siptah, held the throne briefly decades earlier, in the time of Sargon II, and might therefore have a better claim to that title.

It is sometimes surmised that it was Haremhab who appointed Ramses I to the throne; but the course of this reconstruction makes it evident that some twenty-two years passed from the time of Haremhab’s expulsion by Tirhaka (ca. -688) and the accession of Ramses I (ca. -665). Historians have wondered that none of the extant inscriptions of Ramses I contains any reference to Haremhab, and that no traceable relation of Ramses I to the family of Haremhab has been found.(4) Instead, Ramses I calls himself “Conductor of the Chariot of His Majesty,” “Deputy of His Majesty in North and South,” “Fanbearer of the King on His Right Hand.” The similarity of these titles to those borne earlier by Haremhab has been noted -- as we saw, both Haremhab and Ramses I were appointees of Assyrian kings: Haremhab of Sennacherib and Ramses I of Assurbanipal.

Ramses III is identical with Nectanebo I of the Greek authors. He lived not in the twelfth but in the fourth century.
In Herodotus there can be no reference to Ramses III, because the historian lived before the pharaoh. The history of Egypt by Herodotus, though defective in details, is more nearly accurate than that of the later and modern historians, because he placed the history of the Eighteenth, the Ethiopian, and the Nineteenth Dynasties in fairly accurate order.
“Invasion of Egypt by the archaic Greeks” in the twelfth century is a fallacy. The Greeks who participated in the wars of Ramses III and who are shown as changing sides, were at first soldiers of Chabrias, assisting Egypt, and then troops of Iphicrates, opposing Ramses III.
Agesilaus, the King of Sparta, had already arrived in Egypt in the days of... [Tachos (Ramses IV)] and Ramses III, who referred to his arrival, mentioned also his notably small stature.
The Pereset, with whom Ramses III was at war, were the Persians of Artaxerxes II under the satrap Pharnambazus, and not the Philistines.
The war described by Ramses III, and by Diodorus and other classical authors (the war of Nectanebo 1), is one and the same war of 374 BCE