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More multiple meanings of words in the world of Q.

Wash your hands!

again etymological meanings

wash-
“land alternately covered and exposed by the sea

hand-
“power, control, possession”
“seize, take, collect”
“sailor in a ship’s crew”
“hired workman”
“one’s style of penmanship”
“one’s pledge of marriage”
“take charge of, seize,”
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wash (n.)
late Old English wæsc “act of washing,” from wash (v.). Meaning “clothes set aside to be washed” is attested from 1789; meaning “thin coat of paint” is recorded from 1690s; sense of “land alternately covered and exposed by the sea” is recorded from mid-15c.

wash (v.)
Old English wascan “to wash, cleanse, bathe,” transitive sense in late Old English, from Proto-Germanic *watskan “to wash” (source also of Old Norse vaska, Middle Dutch wasscen, Dutch wassen, German waschen), from PIE root *wed- (1) “water; wet.” Related: Washed; washing.

Used mainly of clothes in Old English (the principal verb for washing the body, dishes, etc. being þwean). Old French gaschier “to stain, soil; soak, wash” (Modern French gâcher) is from Frankish *waskan, from the same Germanic source. Italian guazzare also is a Germanic loan-word. To wash (one’s) hands of something is 1550s, from Pilate in Matthew xxvii.24. To wash up “clean utensils after a meal” is from 1751. Washed up “no longer effective” is 1923, theater slang, from notion of washing up at the end of a job.

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hand (n.)

Old English hond, hand “the human hand;” also “side, part, direction” (in defining position, to either right or left); also “power, control, possession” (on the notion of the hand’s grip or hold), from Proto-Germanic *handuz (source also of Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Dutch, German hand, Old Norse hönd, Gothic handus), which is of uncertain origin.

The original Old English plural handa was superseded in Middle English by handen, later hands. Indo-European “hand” words tend to be from roots meaning “seize, take, collect” or are extended from words originally meaning only a part of the hand (such as Irish lam, Welsh llaw, cognate with Latin palma and originally meaning “palm of the hand”). One ancient root (*man- (2)), represented by Latin manus is the source of Old English mund “hand,” but more usually meaning “protection, guardianship; a protector, guardian.”

Meaning “manual worker, person who does something with his hands” is from 1580s, hence “hired workman” (1630s) and “sailor in a ship’s crew” (1660s). Meaning “agency, part in doing something” is from 1590s. Clock and watch sense is from 1570s. Meaning “round of applause” is from 1838. The linear measure of 4 inches (originally 3) is from 1560s, now used only in giving the height of horses. The meaning “playing cards held in one player’s hand” is from 1620s; that of “a round at a card game” is from 1620s. Meaning “handwriting” is from late 14c.; also “one’s style of penmanship” (early 15c.). The word in reference to the various uses of hands in making a pledge is by c. 1200; specifically “one’s pledge of marriage” by late 14c.

First hand, second hand, etc. (mid-15c.) are from the notion of something being passed from hand to hand. At hand is from c. 1200 as “near in time,” c. 1300 as “within reach.” Out of hand (1590s) is opposite of in hand “under control” (c. 1200). Adverbial phrase hand-over-fist (1803) is nautical, suggestive of hauling or climbing by passing the hands one before the other alternately.

Phrase on the one hand ... on the other hand is recorded from 1630s, a figurative use of the physical sense of hand in reference to position on one side or the other side of the body (as in the lefthand side), which goes back to Old English Hands up! as a command from a policeman, robber, etc., is from 1863, from the image of holding up one’s hands as a token of submission or non-resistance. Hand-to-hand “in close contact,” of fighting, is from c. 1400. Hand-to-mouth is from c. 1500. Hand-in-hand attested from c. 1500 as “with hands clasped;” figurative sense of “concurrently” recorded from 1570s.

hand (v.)
c. 1400, “take charge of, seize,” from hand (n.). Earlier verbs were hend (Old English genehdan), handle. Meaning “to pass (something to someone)” is from 1640s. To hand it to (someone) “acknowledge someone’s ability or superiority” is slang from 1906, the it perhaps meant to suggest a trophy cup, award, etc. Related: Handed; handing.