And, of course, there is the inconvenient fact that from 1619 to 1642 there was no slavery in the English colonies in America. There was indentured servitude, but indentures could be worked off, yielding freedom. Slavery in the colonies did not exist until a crown court in Virginia decreed that a certain man (John Casor), up until then an indentured servant, owed his labor to the holder of his indenture (Anthony Johnson) for the rest of his life.
This is a absolutely correct. And it included whites. I have a descendant that arrived in the Province of Carolina in 1642. The ship's manifest listed him as a prisoner of the crown. He was bought into servitude instead of rotting in jail. Good choice, I guess. He labored on a plantation, err, swamp land, along the New River. Must have been brutally hot, mosquito infested work conditions.
And if I’m not mistaken, Anthony Johnson, was black.