There is no such thing as a "gravitational push" -- gravity is only an attractive force. A "pull" if you will.
Neighborly Rendezvous
Traveling to other planets is just like rendezvousing with another spacecraft in a different orbit, because that is exactly what you are doing. The interplanetary spacecraft is moving from Earths orbit to, say, Mars orbit, to rendezvous with the red planet. In traveling to Mars, the spacecraft is moving to a higher orbit. Remember from Orbital Mechanics part 1, to raise the apogee of an orbit, we fire the engines at perigee. On a Mars mission, Earth orbit is the perigeebut since we are leaving the home planet and moving into solar space, it is now called perihelion. Mars orbit is aphelion. A Hohmann Transfer Orbit trajectory does the job nicely, with the engines fired in the direction of Earths movement in its orbit.
For every instance of positive gravitational attraction there is an instance of negative gravitational repulsion. This has been true like forever.