Espionage is much easier to prove and carries as heavy a penalty as treason.
No one has been executed for treason since the Civil War, and the last few treason convictions ended up serving about 10 years.
Espionage and sedition are actually possible, treason really isn’t because of the Constitutional restrictions.
Restrictions meaning witnesses?
IMHO modern technology can mean “witnesses”.
What’s happening is unparalleled.