WOW: Ford’s Research site: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christine_Blasey
Anxiety and Related Disorders and Concealment in Sexual Minority Young Adults
Abstract
Sexual minorities face greater exposure to discrimination and rejection than heterosexuals. Given these threats, sexual minorities may engage in sexual orientation concealment in order to avoid danger. This social stigma and minority stress place sexual minorities at risk for anxiety and related disorders. Given that three fourths of anxiety disorder onset occurs before the age of 24, the current study investigated the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression in sexual minority young adults relative to their heterosexual peers. Secondarily, the study investigated sexual orientation concealment as a predictor of anxiety and related disorders. A sample of 157 sexual minority and 157 heterosexual young adults matched on age and gender completed self-report measures of the aforementioned disorders, and indicated their level of sexual orientation concealment. Results revealed that sexual minority young adults reported greater symptoms relative to heterosexuals across all outcome measures. There were no interactions between sexual minority status and gender, however, women had higher symptoms across all disorders. Sexual minority young women appeared to be at the most risk for clinical levels of anxiety and related disorders. In addition, concealment of sexual orientation significantly predicted symptoms of social phobia. Implications are offered for the cognitive and behavioral treatment of anxiety and related disorders in this population.
Anxiety and Depression in Sexual Minority Young Adults: Identifying Concealment as a Correlate of Increased Symptomatology
Abstract
Due to social stigma and minority stress, we hypothesized that sexual minority college students would report greater symptomatology on measures of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), and Depression relative to their heterosexual counterparts. Secondarily, we hypothesized concealment of sexual orientation would predict greater psychiatric symptomatology in sexual minority students. A sample of 1133 participants completed the GAD Questionnaire IV (GADQ-IV), Panic Disorder Self Report (PDSR), Social Phobia Diagnostic Questionnaire (SPDQ), Post Traumatic Disorders Checklist 5 (PCL-5), and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and indicated their sexual orientation. We then compared the mean scores of sexual minority participants (n = 29) to the mean scores of heterosexuals (n =1104) using a Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The MANOVA indicated sexual minorities had different mean symptomatology scores in comparison to their heterosexual peers (Wilkes’ Lambda = .96, p< .00001). Independent samples t tests indicated that sexual minority participants had significantly higher mean symptomatology scores across all outcome measures; GADQIV; = 2.5; t = 3.935, p = .002, Cohen’s d = .679; PDSR = 5.2; t = 3.696, p = .001, Cohen’s d = .823 ; PCL-5; = 8.3; t = 2.150 p = .04, Cohen’s d = .464 ; SPDQ; = 3.1; t = 3.208 p = .001, Cohen’s d = 0.539 ; BDI-II; 9.8 = ; t = 4.504 p < .001, Cohen’s d = .945. We also tested whether the linear association between concealment of sexual orientation and psychiatric symptoms differed for the populations. In five linear regression models, the following were used as predictors: concealment of sexual orientation, sexual orientation identification, and their interaction. All predictors were centered. Dependent variables were the GADQ-IV, PDSR, PCL-5, SPDQ and BDI – II. There was a statistically significant interaction between orientation and concealment for the SPDQ (p = .034) and the BDI-II (p = .031). In both models, the source of the interaction was a difference in directionality of the correlation. Among sexual minority participants, concealment of sexual orientation was associated with greater Social Anxiety and Depression.
Another study describing the obvious?
Abnormal sexual deviancy causes mental problems.
That egghead is way too wordy. Not impressed.
She also overuses the term "sexual minority" in order to equate abnormal genetic defects with "racial minorities in an attempt to have homosexuals ride the coat tails of the "civil rights movement".
I give her a final grade of "SJW Hack" with a minor in "Fake Intellectual Poser".
#AffirmativeActionSucks
Bagster
Now we all know why PhD stands for “Piled higher and Deeper.”