Stephan Wolfram. I hope you are an expert and can perhaps answer your own question. Because I don’t think I can.
But you did pose your question to the right guy since I am probably the only Freeper with an official copy of “A New Kind of Science”. Of course you might be the second.
I pulled the book off my bookshelf and had a look. I read a bit of it quite some time ago but I don’t believe I ever “Got It”. Thumbing through it you don’t see any equations but you do see lots of mosaics.
But you got me interested. I’ll give it a better look tomorrow.
“A New Kind of Science”
I have the book.
Usually with Wolfram the answer is - Cellular Automata.
Regardless of the question!
I don’t think I ever fully grasped what Wolfram was up to. My brief foray into differential calculus is 4+ decades behind me.
But his book is and remains a fascinating read.