But the bulk of Federal expenditures of this money were done in the North.
They we’re paid by the merchants in the area that was importing the materials and goods.
Where did the merchants in the area (New York) get the money to pay for European goods? How did they obtain European cash?
So northerners were paying the taxes, not southerners. This completely undermines your argument.
That's what it looks like, doesn't it? :)
But that nagging question still needs to be answered. Where did the Northern merchants get the European cash to pay for European imports?
I’m still waiting for you to name the tariff laws in question that unfairly punished the south, and explain how they targeted southern.
It wasn't just the tariff laws. The "navigation act of 1817" caused all sorts of problems for the South. It virtually handed a monopoly on shipping to the New York shipping industry.
As to how the tariff laws punished the South, we need to go back to figuring out where those Northern Merchants got the money to pay for those European imports.
“But the bulk of Federal expenditures of this money were done in the North.”
Factually incorrect, as are all of your “arguments.”
Federal expenditures 1789-1860
________1789-1834____1834-1837____1838—1850____1851—1860______Total
Fortifications
Free____$5,265,332___$1,122,644___$4,711,611___$5,281,373____$16,380,960
Slave___$10,019,249__$1,666,990___$4,357,427___$6,004,100____$22,047,767
Internal improvements
Free____$2,452,635___$1,779,958___$2,013,511___$1,780,077____$8,026,183
Slave___$1,859,710___$1,872,903___$545,229_____$1,428,090____$5,705,932
Lighthouses
Free____$2,001,946_____$509,319___$1,155,375___$2,976,079____$6,642,720
Slave___$2,161,047_____$530,769_____$636,760___$2,044,640____$5,373,218
Hospitalization
Free________________________________$392,032___$688,238______$1,080,271
Slave_______________________________$282,005___$757,813______$1,039,819
Pensions
Free____$21,894,322___$8,012,252______________$5,589,210*
Slave___$6,816,542____$2,588,091______________$2,816,534*
“Where did the merchants in the area (New York) get the money to pay for European goods?”
Probably the same places where merchants get the money to finance business today. Supplier credit, bank loans, stock investment, past profits. What a dumb question.
“The “navigation act of 1817” caused all sorts of problems for the South.”
That act simply required imported goods to be shipped on vessels owned by companies in the US or in nations from which the goods were made. How is that unfair to one region or another?