I wonder if there are any practical uses of this phenomenon?
No doubt something to do with discovering alien life or global warming.
First thing I think of is engineered phase-change materials. It takes a LOT of heat to get a liquid to vaporiize from the liquid state. Think of drywall that maintains a nice, even 72 degrees throughout the day.
You get enough of these tubs with frozen water in them, and you can cool your drink and it will never melt.
#6 Not if you are in a sub and blow air to rise to the surface. The vent will freeze over and you will sink below crush depth like the USS Thresher (SSN-593)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Thresher_(SSN-593)