Well, it did in the first year:
Per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages in America in gallons of pure alcohol. Source: University at Albany
And then there were the unintended consequences. First was the growth of organized crime. economist Annelise Anderson wrote:
“Prohibition was a major impetus for the growth of mafia organisations. Prohibition created the potential for a major illegal market in alcohol, and it is to the years of prohibition that America can trace the growth in scope and power of its mafias.”
Unintended consequences during the Prohibition Era. Source: Visual.ly.
Another possible unintended consequence of Prohibition was the rise of incarceration rates in America. As noted by economist Mark Thornton in “Alcohol Prohibition Was a Failure":
“Before Prohibition, there had been 4,000 federal convicts, fewer than 3,000 of whom were housed in federal prisons. By 1932 the number of federal convicts had increased 561 percent, to 26,589, and the federal prison population had increased 366 percent. The number of people convicted of Prohibition violations increased 1,000 percent between 1925 and 1930, and fully half of all prisoners received in 1930 had been convicted of such violations. Two-thirds of all prisoners received in 1930 had been convicted of alcohol and drug offenses, and that figure rises to 75 percent of violators if other commercial prohibitions are included.”