I enjoy a post like yours.
I have no CLUE what it all means.
Very humbling. :-)
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It means, once you ditch Windows for Linux Mint (I prefer the Cinnamon desktop), you will have applications that can do just about anything Windows can do.
Linux software comes in “packages” that often have odd sounding names. There is a ton of useful software that installs by default when you install inux.
For all the software that is installed by default, I have found the (above) short list of free applications to be really nice to have.
One thing I left out is “ttf-mscorefonts-installer”. This package allows for easy installation of the Microsoft True Type Core Fonts