[driftless2]

I guess we're talking different things. I meant the basic native populations north of the Rio Grande. And I'd be real careful about quoting Jared Diamond. I read his book "Guns, Germs, and Steel." The guy is a leftist wacko.

[Jim from C-Town]

There is pretty good consensus that North American populations where killed off in equal numbers simply due to natural trade and interaction between tribes with those South of the Rio Grande.

Remember. Prior to Columbus and the Spanish and Portuguese invasion and conquest of Central and South America, the largest domesticate animal, semi-domesticated anyway, in America was the llama and then in only every limited areas.

Europeans introduced the Horse, yet by the founding of the United States there was a century old Horse culture of native Indians in the Central Planes of America. They almost certainly had no direct contact with Europeans until the first trappers started following Luis and Clark in the early 19th Century.